Meghosszabbítom a kölcsönzést.

It has three main parts:

• meg- = a verbal prefix
• hosszabbít = extend / lengthen
• -om = I in the definite 1st person singular form

So meghosszabbítom means I extend it / I am extending it.
Very literally, it is something like I make it longer.

In many Hungarian verbs, meg- adds a sense of completion, result, or a finished action.

So:

• hosszabbít = to lengthen, extend
• meghosszabbít = to extend fully, renew, make longer as a completed action

In this sentence, meghosszabbítom a kölcsönzést sounds like I’m renewing/extending the loan rather than just talking vaguely about making it longer.

Because Hungarian has two types of verb conjugation here:

• indefinite conjugation
• definite conjugation

The object in this sentence is a kölcsönzést = the loan / the borrowing, which is definite because of a.

So the verb must also be in the definite form:

• meghosszabbítom = I extend it / the specific thing
• meghosszabbítok would be used without a definite object, or with an indefinite one

Compare:

• Meghosszabbítom a kölcsönzést. = I extend the loan.
• Meghosszabbítok egy kölcsönzést. = I extend a loan.

Because Hungarian usually does not need subject pronouns. The verb ending already tells you the subject.

Here, -om shows that the subject is I.

So:

• meghosszabbítom already means I extend it

You can add én if you want emphasis or contrast:

• Én hosszabbítom meg a kölcsönzést. = I’m the one extending the loan.

But in a normal sentence, the pronoun is usually left out.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant
• az before a vowel

Since kölcsönzést starts with k, which is a consonant, you use a:

• a kölcsönzést

If the next word began with a vowel, you would use az.

Because it is the direct object of the verb, and Hungarian marks direct objects with the accusative ending -t.

So:

• kölcsönzés = borrowing, loan
• kölcsönzést = borrowing, loan as the direct object

In this sentence, the thing being extended is the loan, so it needs the accusative:

• Meghosszabbítom a kölcsönzést.

In this context, kölcsönzés usually refers to the borrowing, the loan, or the loan period.

A very natural English translation in a library context would often be:

• the loan
• the checkout
• the borrowing period

So this sentence is the kind of thing you might say when talking about renewing a library item.

They are related, but not always identical.

• kölcsönzés often refers to the act/process/arrangement of borrowing
• kölcsön more often means loan as a thing or arrangement

In many everyday contexts, especially around libraries, the difference may be small, and both can appear depending on style and situation. But kölcsönzés feels a bit more like the borrowing / the loan process, while kölcsön is often the more compact loan word.

Grammatically, it is present tense.

But in Hungarian, just like in English, the present tense can be used for an action that is happening right now or that is about to happen immediately.

So depending on context, this could mean:

• I am extending the loan.
• I’ll extend the loan now.

For example, a librarian could say this while doing it on the computer.

No, Hungarian word order is flexible, but different orders change the focus or emphasis.

The version you have:

• Meghosszabbítom a kölcsönzést.

is a neutral, natural way to say I’m extending the loan.

Hungarian often moves pieces around for emphasis. Also, verbal prefixes like meg- can separate from the verb in some sentence types:

• Nem hosszabbítom meg a kölcsönzést. = I am not extending the loan.
• A kölcsönzést hosszabbítom meg. = It is the loan that I’m extending.

So the basic sentence is straightforward, but word order can change when the speaker wants a special focus.

It is grammatical and natural, but in real life it may sound a bit direct depending on the situation.

If you are politely asking, Hungarian often prefers something softer, such as:

• Szeretném meghosszabbítani a kölcsönzést. = I would like to extend the loan.
• Meg szeretném hosszabbítani a kölcsönzést. = I would like to renew the loan.

Your sentence sounds more like:

• I am extending the loan
• I’m going to extend the loan
• or something a staff member/system might say while carrying out the action

A helpful breakdown is:

• meghosszabbítom → meg-hosz-sza-bbí-tom
• a → short aw
• kölcsönzést → köl-csön-zést

A few important sound rules:

• cs sounds like English ch
• sz sounds like English s
• s sounds like English sh
• ö has no exact English equivalent; it is similar to German ö or French eu
• vowels with accents, like í and é, are long

Also, in meghosszabbítom, pronounce the g and h as separate sounds. Do not read gh like in English spelling.