A bevizsgálás előtt a háztartási gép újra meghibásodik.

Because a is the Hungarian definite article, like the in English.

In this sentence it appears twice because there are two noun phrases:

• a bevizsgálás = the inspection / the testing
• a háztartási gép = the household appliance

A few useful notes:

• Hungarian uses a before consonants and az before vowels.
• Hungarian often uses the definite article in places where English might or might not use the, depending on style and context.

So seeing two a words in one sentence is completely normal.

Yes, but the meaning or feel changes a bit.

• a bevizsgálás előtt = before the inspection, referring to a specific inspection
• bevizsgálás előtt = more like before inspection in a general or institutional sense

In your sentence, a bevizsgálás előtt sounds like there is a particular inspection already understood from the context.

Because előtt is a postposition, not a preposition.

English uses prepositions, which come before the noun:

• before the inspection

Hungarian often uses postpositions, which come after the noun phrase:

• a bevizsgálás előtt

So the structure is literally something like:

• the inspection before

This is normal Hungarian grammar.

Bevizsgálás is a noun meaning something like inspection, testing, or examination.

It comes from the verb bevizsgál = to inspect / to test / to examine thoroughly.

The ending -ás / -és often turns a verb into a noun:

• vizsgál = examine
• bevizsgál = inspect/test thoroughly
• bevizsgálás = inspection/testing

The prefix be- often adds a sense that the action is directed inward or carried through in a complete, practical way, but in many words you should learn the whole verb as one unit.

Háztartási means household or domestic.

It comes from:

• háztartás = household

The ending -i is a very common adjective-forming suffix in Hungarian. It often means related to, connected with, or belonging to.

So:

• háztartás = household
• háztartási = household / domestic

Then:

• háztartási gép = household machine = household appliance

This -i pattern is very common, so it is worth learning early.

Because háztartási is functioning as an adjective modifying the noun gép.

So this is simply:

• háztartási = household
• gép = machine/appliance

Together:

• háztartási gép = household appliance

In Hungarian, adjective + noun combinations are normally written as two words.

Compare:

• háztartási gép = household appliance
• nagy ház = big house
• modern autó = modern car

By contrast, some true compounds are written as one word, for example mosógép = washing machine.

Here újra means again.

So:

• újra meghibásodik = breaks down again

It is similar to megint and also often to ismét.

Roughly speaking:

• újra = again, anew
• megint = again
• ismét = again, often slightly more formal

In many everyday sentences, újra and megint are interchangeable. In this sentence, újra sounds completely natural.

Meghibásodik means breaks down, malfunctions, or develops a fault.

It describes the appliance itself becoming faulty. So it is an intransitive idea:

• A gép meghibásodik. = The machine breaks down.

It does not mean someone breaks it. It means the thing stops working properly.

The word is related to:

• hiba = fault, error
• hibás = faulty
• meghibásodik = becomes faulty / breaks down

So this is a very useful technical word for machines, systems, devices, and appliances.

Because meghibásodik is an -ik verb in its dictionary-style third person singular form.

The infinitive is:

• meghibásodni = to break down / to malfunction

The form in the sentence is:

• meghibásodik = it breaks down

For a learner, the most useful thing is to recognize that -ik is just part of how some Hungarian verbs appear in the third person singular.

For example:

• alszik = he/she sleeps
• érkezik = he/she arrives
• meghibásodik = it breaks down

You do not need to translate the -ik itself; just learn the whole verb form.

Yes, it is grammatically present tense.

Hungarian very often uses the present tense in places where English might say:

• breaks down again
• will break down again

The exact time reference depends on context.

So this sentence can be understood as a normal present-tense statement, but in the right context it could also sound future-like in English. Hungarian does this quite naturally.

Because Hungarian word order is flexible, and it often reflects topic and emphasis rather than a fixed English-style pattern.

Here the structure is quite natural:

• A bevizsgálás előtt = sets the time frame first
• a háztartási gép = the subject
• újra = again
• meghibásodik = breaks down

So the sentence starts by telling you when, then what thing, then what happens.

This is a very normal neutral order in Hungarian. If you changed the order, the basic meaning could stay similar, but the emphasis would shift.