A kezelés után a fogfájás kevésbé súlyos.

A is the Hungarian definite article, equivalent to the.

So:

• A kezelés = the treatment
• a fogfájás = the toothache

Hungarian uses the definite article very regularly, often more often than English does. In this sentence, both nouns are specific, so both take a.

Után means after.

Hungarian often uses postpositions, which are like prepositions in English, but they come after the noun instead of before it.

So:

• kezelés után = after the treatment

This is literally structured as:

• treatment + after

That is completely normal in Hungarian.

Because után is a postposition, not a preposition.

English:

• after the treatment

Hungarian:

• the treatment after → a kezelés után

Many Hungarian location/time words work this way. The word that would come first in English often comes after the noun in Hungarian.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is often omitted in the present tense, third person when the predicate is a noun, adjective, or similar expression.

So instead of saying:

• A fogfájás kevésbé súlyos van ❌

Hungarian simply says:

• A fogfájás kevésbé súlyos. ✅

This means:

• The toothache is less severe.

But in other persons, van-type forms do appear:

• Fáradt vagyok. = I am tired.
• Fáradt vagy. = You are tired.
• Ő fáradt. = He/she is tired.
  No van here.

This is one of the most important patterns in Hungarian grammar.

Fogfájás is a compound noun:

• fog = tooth
• fájás = aching, pain

So fogfájás literally means something like tooth-ache or tooth pain.

Hungarian makes compound nouns very naturally, so long words like this are common and normal.

Kevésbé means less or to a lesser degree.

In this sentence:

• kevésbé súlyos = less severe

It comes from kevés (little, few) plus the comparative-style adverbial ending -bé.

A very common pattern is:

• kevésbé + adjective = less + adjective

Examples:

• kevésbé fontos = less important
• kevésbé drága = less expensive
• kevésbé súlyos = less severe

Because Hungarian has two common ways to express comparison:

1. A true comparative adjective

   • súlyosabb = more severe

2. kevésbé + adjective

   • kevésbé súlyos = less severe

These are not the same thing:

• súlyosabb = more severe
• kevésbé súlyos = less severe

So the sentence is specifically saying the pain has become less severe, not more severe.

Yes, súlyos can literally mean heavy, but it also very commonly means serious or severe depending on context.

In medical or symptom-related contexts, súlyos usually means:

• serious
• severe

So here:

• kevésbé súlyos = less severe

That is a very natural use of the word.

Yes, but Hungarian word order is often more flexible than English word order. The sentence as given is neutral and natural:

• A kezelés után a fogfájás kevésbé súlyos.

This is roughly:

• After the treatment, the toothache is less severe.

The order puts the time expression first:

• A kezelés után = After the treatment

Then the topic:

• a fogfájás = the toothache

Then the comment about it:

• kevésbé súlyos = is less severe

You could change the order for emphasis, but the original version is a very standard, neutral sentence.

Hungarian often places a time expression early in the sentence, especially when it sets the scene.

So starting with:

• A kezelés után = After the treatment

is very natural, just like English often begins with:

• After the treatment, ...

It helps frame the statement before giving the main information about the toothache.

Yes, that is also grammatical.

Compare:

• A kezelés után a fogfájás kevésbé súlyos.
• A fogfájás a kezelés után kevésbé súlyos.

Both can mean essentially the same thing, but the emphasis shifts slightly.

• Starting with A kezelés után highlights the time/frame
• Starting with A fogfájás highlights the topic itself

The original sentence sounds very natural if the speaker wants to emphasize what happened after the treatment.

Not exactly.

• fájdalom = pain in a general sense
• fogfájás = toothache, specifically pain in a tooth or teeth

So fogfájás is more specific.

If you said:

• A fájdalom kevésbé súlyos.

that would mean:

• The pain is less severe.

But A fogfájás kevésbé súlyos specifically refers to toothache.

A simple pronunciation guide:

• A → short aw
• kezelés → KEH-zeh-laysh
• után → oo-TAAN
• a → short aw
• fogfájás → FOG-faa-yaash
• kevésbé → keh-VAYZH-bay
• súlyos → SHOO-yosh

A rough full reading:

aw KEH-zeh-laysh oo-TAAN aw FOG-faa-yaash keh-VAYZH-bay SHOO-yosh

Hungarian stress is usually on the first syllable of each word:

• KEzelés
• Után
• FOGfájás
• KEvésbé
• SÚLyos

That makes pronunciation more predictable than in English.