Az íny duzzadt és vérzik.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before consonant sounds
• az before vowel sounds

Since íny begins with the vowel í, you say az íny.

This is similar to English a/an in form, though Hungarian article usage is not identical to English article usage.

Literally, íny is singular: gum.

However, Hungarian often treats gum tissue as a single body part or mass, while English more often says gums. So in practice, Az íny duzzadt és vérzik can naturally correspond to English The gums are swollen and bleeding.

If you really want an explicit plural in Hungarian, ínyek exists, but it is much less common in everyday speech.

Because Hungarian usually omits the verb to be in the present tense when the predicate is a noun or adjective in the 3rd person.

So:

• Az íny duzzadt. = The gum is swollen.
• not Az íny van duzzadt.

This is a very common Hungarian pattern.

But with a real action verb, you do use a verb:

• Az íny vérzik. = The gum bleeds / is bleeding.

And in other tenses, the copula appears again:

• Az íny duzzadt volt. = The gum was swollen.

Duzzadt is an adjective meaning swollen.

It is related to the verb duzzad, meaning to swell / become swollen, but in this sentence you should understand duzzadt simply as an adjective:

• duzzadt íny = swollen gum
• Az íny duzzadt. = The gum is swollen.

So it is not a past tense verb here.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Hungarian present tense often covers both:

• simple present: bleeds
• present progressive: is bleeding

So Az íny vérzik may be translated as:

• The gum bleeds
• The gum is bleeding

In a medical or symptom context, English usually prefers is bleeding.

Because vérzik belongs to a common Hungarian verb type whose 3rd person singular form ends in -ik.

In this sentence, vérzik is simply the normal finite verb form matching the singular subject az íny.

The important point for a learner is:

• learn vérzik as a whole verb form
• do not try to translate -ik separately

It does not mean something like English is or -ing.

The given order is natural and neutral:

• Az íny duzzadt és vérzik.

It presents two predicates about the same subject:

• duzzadt = swollen
• vérzik = bleeding

You can change the order:

• Az íny vérzik és duzzadt.

That is understandable, but it shifts the emphasis slightly by putting bleeding first. Hungarian word order is fairly flexible, but different orders often create different focus or emphasis.

A natural Hungarian sentence is:

• Az ínyem duzzadt és vérzik.

Here:

• ínyem = my gum / my gums

Hungarian often uses a possessive suffix on body parts. If you want to be especially emphatic, you could say:

• Az én ínyem duzzadt és vérzik.

But normally az ínyem is enough.

A few helpful points:

• Hungarian stress is normally on the first syllable.
• í is a long ee sound.
• ny sounds like Spanish ñ or the ny in canyon.

So:

• íny: roughly eeny, but with ny as a single soft sound
• duzzadt: starts roughly doo-, with a strong zz
• vérzik: stress on vér-

You do not need a perfect English-style approximation right away; the key things are the first-syllable stress and the special ny sound in íny.