Az íny néha vérzik.

Az means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Since íny begins with a vowel, the correct form is az íny.

That is a very natural question. Hungarian often uses the definite article in general statements where English may use no article or a plural noun.

So:

• Az íny néha vérzik.
  can express a general idea, not just one specific gum in front of you.

This is similar to how Hungarian can say things like A kutya hűséges állat = The dog is a faithful animal / Dogs are faithful animals.

In Hungarian, íny is grammatically singular, but it can refer to the gums as a whole.

So even though the Hungarian word is singular, the most natural English translation may be plural:

• Az íny néha vérzik.
  = The gums sometimes bleed.

This is not unusual with body-part or tissue words. Hungarian and English do not always match one-for-one in singular and plural.

As written, it most naturally means the gum/gums in a general sense, or the gum under discussion.

It does not explicitly mean my gums or your gums. If Hungarian wants to say that clearly, it normally adds a possessive ending:

• az ínyem = my gum / my gums
• az ínyed = your gum / your gums

So Az íny néha vérzik is more general than Az ínyem néha vérzik.

Néha means sometimes or occasionally.

It is an adverb of frequency, telling you how often something happens.

So the structure is:

• Az íny = the gum / gums
• néha = sometimes
• vérzik = bleeds

That is a normal, neutral Hungarian word order.

Hungarian word order is flexible, but it is not random. In a neutral sentence, a topic often comes first, and then adverbs like néha can appear before the verb:

• Az íny néha vérzik.

This sounds like a plain statement: As for the gums, they sometimes bleed.

You can move néha, but the emphasis changes.

Vérzik is the 3rd person singular present form, agreeing with az íny.

So it means:

• bleeds
• or, depending on context, is bleeding

With néha, the habitual meaning is the natural one:

• sometimes bleeds

You will usually learn the infinitive as vérezni = to bleed.

Hungarian present tense can often correspond to either English simple present or present continuous, depending on context.

Here, because of néha = sometimes, the sentence is clearly habitual:

• Az íny néha vérzik. = The gums sometimes bleed.

Without néha, Az íny vérzik could mean either:

• The gum is bleeding
• or less often, The gum bleeds

Context decides.

Hungarian usually does not need a subject pronoun if the subject is already clear.

Here the subject is explicitly stated as az íny, so adding a pronoun would be unnecessary.

English needs it or the gums in many places, but Hungarian often leaves pronouns out unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

A rough pronunciation is:

awz eeny NAY-ha VAYR-zik

A few key points:

• í is a long ee
• ny is like the ny in canyon for many English speakers, or Spanish ñ
• é is a long ay/eh-type sound
• z is a normal z sound
• stress in Hungarian is always on the first syllable of each word

So:

• Az → stressed on Az
• íny → long í
• néha → stress on né
• vérzik → stress on vér

Yes, but the emphasis changes.

These are all possible, with slightly different feel:

• Az íny néha vérzik.
  Neutral statement.

• Néha vérzik az íny.
  Puts more attention on sometimes.

• Az íny vérzik néha.
  Less neutral; it can sound more marked or conversational.

For a learner, the original version is the safest and most natural one to use first.

You would normally add a possessive ending to íny:

• Az ínyem néha vérzik.

That literally looks like my gum, but in natural English it may still be translated as my gums.

So the pattern is:

• az íny = the gum / gums
• az ínyem = my gum / gums
• az ínyed = your gum / gums

You put nem before the verb:

• Az íny nem vérzik. = The gum isn’t bleeding / The gums don’t bleed.

With néha:

• Az íny néha nem vérzik. = The gum sometimes doesn’t bleed
  This is grammatical, but it is a different meaning and usually less natural in real life.

The most basic negative version is:

• Az íny nem vérzik.