यह गोली खाली पेट मत लेना।

A word-by-word breakdown:

• यह = this
• गोली = pill / tablet
• खाली पेट = on an empty stomach
• मत = don’t
• लेना = to take

So the sentence is an instruction telling someone not to take this pill on an empty stomach.

यह is the basic form meaning this.

Hindi changes यह to इस when it is in the oblique form, usually before a postposition such as को, से, में, etc.

So:

• यह गोली = this pill
• इस गोली को = this pill
  • object marker
• इस गोली से = with this pill / from this pill

In your sentence, there is no postposition directly attached to यह, so यह गोली is the normal form.

In standard written Hindi:

• यह = this (singular)
• ये = these (plural)

But in everyday spoken Hindi, many speakers use ये for singular as well. So you may hear:

• ये गोली मत लेना

That is common in speech, but यह गोली मत लेना is the more standard written form.

It literally means empty stomach:

• खाली = empty
• पेट = stomach / belly

As a set expression, खाली पेट means when your stomach is empty, so in natural English: on an empty stomach or before eating.

This is a very common medical and everyday phrase in Hindi.

Hindi often uses bare noun phrases adverbially, without needing a preposition equivalent in the same place.

So खाली पेट works as a fixed expression meaning:

• on an empty stomach
• with an empty stomach
• before eating

English needs on, but Hindi does not need a separate word there.

Both are related, but they feel different.

• मत लो = a more direct don’t take
• मत लेना = very common for instructions, warnings, and general advice

In medical-style instructions, मत + infinitive is very natural. It often sounds a little less abrupt and more like a general instruction.

So:

• यह गोली मत लो = understandable, but more direct
• यह गोली खाली पेट मत लेना = very natural as advice/instruction

Good question. Here लेना is the infinitive form, and in this kind of मत + infinitive construction, Hindi normally uses the default infinitive form लेना, not agreement with the object.

So even though गोली is feminine, you still say:

• गोली मत लेना

Compare that with a different construction:

• यह गोली लेनी है = This pill has to be taken

There, लेनी agrees with गोली because the grammar is different.

Hindi often uses लेना with medicines, just like English uses take:

• दवा लेना = to take medicine
• गोली लेना = to take a pill

You may also hear गोली खाना in everyday Hindi, especially colloquially, but लेना is very common and sounds especially natural in instructions, prescriptions, and advice.

Because in Hindi, inanimate direct objects often appear without को, especially in straightforward sentences like this one.

So:

• यह गोली मत लेना = the natural default

Adding को is sometimes possible for emphasis or in certain styles, but here it would sound heavier and less natural than the version without को.

Yes. The subject is understood as you.

Hindi often leaves the subject unstated when giving commands or instructions, because the verb form already makes it clear that someone is being addressed.

So the sentence is effectively:

• (You) don’t take this pill on an empty stomach.

Depending on context, it could be addressed to one person, or just be a general instruction aimed at whoever is reading or hearing it.

Hindi word order is flexible, but this order is the most natural and clear:

• यह गोली = the thing being talked about
• खाली पेट = the condition
• मत लेना = the negative instruction

So the sentence flows naturally as:

This pill — on an empty stomach — don’t take.

If you rearrange it too much, it may still be understandable, but it can sound less natural.

A few natural alternatives:

• यह गोली खाली पेट मत लीजिए।
  Polite spoken form: Please don’t take this pill on an empty stomach.

• यह गोली खाली पेट न लें।
  Very common formal/written instruction, especially on packaging or in medical contexts.

• इस गोली को खाली पेट नहीं लेना चाहिए।
  More like: This pill should not be taken on an empty stomach.

So the original sentence is natural and common, but these versions change the level of politeness or formality.