मरीज को खाँसी है।

In this sentence, को marks the person who is experiencing the condition.

Hindi often expresses things like having a fever, having pain, feeling cold, or having a cough with this pattern:

[person] + को + [condition] + है

So:

• मरीज को खाँसी है = The patient has a cough
• literally, it is closer to To the patient, there is a cough

This is a very common Hindi structure for physical symptoms and sensations.

Hindi often does not use a separate verb like English have/has in these kinds of sentences.

Instead, Hindi commonly uses:

• को for the experiencer
• है for is / exists

So rather than saying The patient has a cough with a verb meaning has, Hindi says something more like:

To the patient, cough is.

This is normal Hindi grammar, especially with illnesses and bodily states.

मरीज means patient.

It can refer to either a male or female patient. In many contexts, it behaves as a common-gender noun unless the sentence gives more information.

In मरीज को खाँसी है, you cannot tell from this sentence alone whether the patient is male or female.

If needed, Hindi can make gender clearer in other ways, for example through adjectives or context.

A very common Hindi word order is:

subject/experiencer + other elements + verb

Here the structure is:

• मरीज को = to the patient
• खाँसी = cough
• है = is

So the full pattern is:

[experiencer] + को + [symptom] + है

This is the normal and natural order in Hindi. Since है usually comes at or near the end, the sentence ends with the verb.

Here खाँसी is a noun, meaning cough.

So the sentence means The patient has a cough, not The patient coughs.

If you wanted to say The patient is coughing or The patient coughs, Hindi would use a verb form, such as one based on खाँसना (to cough).

So:

• खाँसी = cough (noun)
• खाँसना = to cough (verb)

है is singular, and हैं is plural or respectful.

Here the condition खाँसी is singular, so है is used:

• मरीज को खाँसी है = The patient has a cough

If the noun were plural, you could get:

• मरीज को खाँसी और बुखार हैं = The patient has a cough and fever

Also, हैं can be used for respect in some contexts, but in this symptom pattern, agreement usually follows the thing being talked about, not the person marked with को.

In this sentence, है agrees with खाँसी, not with मरीज.

That is because मरीज is marked with को, and the symptom noun is the main noun for agreement here.

Since खाँसी is singular, the verb is है.

This is why the sentence is:

• मरीज को खाँसी है

and not something based on the gender or number of मरीज.

Normally, no. In standard Hindi, को is an important part of this construction.

Without को, the sentence would sound wrong or unnatural for the meaning The patient has a cough.

So you should learn this as a set pattern:

• मुझे बुखार है = I have a fever
• उसे दर्द है = He/she has pain
• मरीज को खाँसी है = The patient has a cough

खाँसी is a feminine noun.

In the present tense singular sentence here, that does not change the form of है, because है is used for both masculine and feminine singular nouns.

But gender can matter elsewhere, for example with adjectives or in other grammatical contexts.

So it is useful to remember:

• खाँसी = feminine noun

A rough pronunciation is:

khaan-see

A few important points:

• ख is an aspirated k sound, like k with a puff of air
• ाँ gives a nasalized long aa sound
• सी sounds like see

So खाँसी is approximately khãa-see.

The nasalization on ाँ is real, but if you are a beginner, getting the long aa and the aspirated kh right is the most important first step.

Not normally. मरीज को खाँसी है means the patient has a cough as a condition or symptom.

If you want to say The patient is coughing, Hindi would usually use a verb:

• मरीज खाँस रहा है = The male patient is coughing
• मरीज खाँस रही है = The female patient is coughing

So there is a difference between:

• खाँसी है = has a cough
• खाँस रहा/रही है = is coughing

Yes, very common.

Hindi often uses [person] + को + [symptom/condition] + है for many physical states. For example:

• मुझे बुखार है = I have a fever
• उसे सिरदर्द है = He/she has a headache
• बच्चे को दर्द है = The child is in pain
• मरीज को खाँसी है = The patient has a cough

So this sentence is a good model to remember for talking about health problems in Hindi.