क्या तुम्हारा फोन मेज़ के ऊपर है?

Here क्या marks a yes/no question. It does not mean what in this sentence.

So:

• क्या तुम्हारा फोन मेज़ के ऊपर है? = a yes/no question
• क्या here is like a question marker, similar to putting Is ...? at the start in English

Hindi can also ask the same question without क्या, just by using rising intonation:

• तुम्हारा फोन मेज़ के ऊपर है?

That is also natural in speech.

Hindi normally does not use articles the way English does. There is no direct everyday equivalent of a or the in sentences like this.

So मेज़ can mean:

• a table
• the table

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is very normal in Hindi, and learners usually have to get used to understanding article-like meaning from the situation instead of from a separate word.

तुम्हारा means your for the pronoun तुम, which is informal/familiar.

Hindi has different levels of you:

• तू = very intimate / very informal
• तुम = informal but common and normal with friends, siblings, many peers
• आप = polite / respectful / formal

So:

• तुम्हारा फोन = your phone in an informal/familiar way
• आपका फोन = your phone in a polite/respectful way

If you wanted to say the same sentence politely, you could say:

• क्या आपका phone मेज़ के ऊपर है?
• better fully in Hindi script: क्या आपका फोन मेज़ के ऊपर है?

Because Hindi possessives agree with the thing possessed, not with the person who owns it.

Here the possessed noun is फोन, and फोन is treated as masculine singular, so the possessive form is:

• तुम्हारा फोन

Compare:

• तुम्हारी किताब = your book, because किताब is feminine
• तुम्हारे दोस्त = your friends, because दोस्त is plural here

So the ending on तुम्हारा / तुम्हारी / तुम्हारे changes according to the noun after it.

Yes. फोन is a very common Hindi word, borrowed from English. It is completely normal in everyday speech.

A few useful points:

• It is usually treated as masculine
• So you get forms like मेरा फोन, तुम्हारा फोन, फोन बड़ा है
• People also often say मोबाइल for mobile phone

So फोन in this sentence is perfectly natural.

Yes, you could also say मेज़ पर, and in many everyday situations that is actually the more natural choice.

The difference is roughly:

• मेज़ पर = on the table
• मेज़ के ऊपर = on top of / above the table

If the phone is physically resting on the table, मेज़ पर is often the simplest and most idiomatic option.

मेज़ के ऊपर is still correct, but it can sound a little more explicitly spatial, as if you are emphasizing the location.

Because के ऊपर works as a compound postposition in Hindi.

Hindi often expresses location with combinations like:

• के ऊपर = on top of / above
• के नीचे = under / below
• के पास = near
• के सामने = in front of

So मेज़ के ऊपर is best understood as one location phrase meaning on top of the table.

Also, nouns before postpositions go into an oblique form. In this case मेज़ does not visibly change, so the form looks the same, but grammatically it is in the position required before the postposition.

Because Hindi normally places the main verb or copula near the end of the sentence.

English says:

• Your phone is on the table

Hindi is structured more like:

• Your phone table on is

So ending with है is completely normal Hindi word order.

That is one of the biggest differences English speakers notice early on: Hindi usually saves the verb for the end.

A helpful pronunciation guide is:

kyā tumhārā fon mez ke ūpar hai?

A few notes:

• क्या = kyā
• तुम्हारा = tum-hā-rā
• फोन = fon; the फ here is pronounced like f
• मेज़ = mez
• ऊपर = ū-par, with a long oo sound
• है = hai

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like:

kyā tumhārā fon mez ke ūpar hai?

That dot is called a nuqta. It changes the sound of the letter.

• ज is usually like j
• ज़ is like z

So मेज़ is pronounced mez, not mej.

You will often see nuqta letters in words borrowed from Persian, Arabic, English, and other languages. For learners, it is useful because it often tells you that the pronunciation is slightly different from the basic Hindi letter without the dot.