किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है, और जूते मेज़ के नीचे हैं।

Because Hindi normally uses postpositions, not prepositions.

In English, you say:

• on the table
• under the table

In Hindi, the location word comes after the noun:

• मेज़ के ऊपर = on top of / above the table
• मेज़ के नीचे = under / below the table

So Hindi is structured more like:

• table + of/linked form + above
• table + of/linked form + below

In expressions like के ऊपर, के नीचे, के पास, के सामने, के is part of a very common fixed compound postposition.

So learners should usually think of these as whole units:

• के ऊपर = on top of / above
• के नीचे = under / below

The noun before them goes into the oblique form. With मेज़, the form looks the same in writing, so you only really notice the के.

So it is best to learn:

• मेज़ के ऊपर
• मेज़ के नीचे

as set patterns.

Yes. मेज़ पर is very common and often the most natural way to say on the table.

So these are both possible:

• किताब मेज़ पर है।
• किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है।

The difference is roughly this:

• पर = general on
• के ऊपर = more literally above / on top of

In many everyday situations, both work. के नीचे is also a very common way to say under.

Because किताब is singular, while जूते is plural.

• किताब ... है = The book is ...
• जूते ... हैं = The shoes are ...

So in this kind of sentence, है is used with a singular subject and हैं with a plural subject.

Gender matters in Hindi, but not much in this specific verb form.

Here, the verb is the present tense of होना (to be):

• है = is
• हैं = are

These forms show number here, not gender.

So:

• किताब is feminine singular, but still takes है
• जूते is masculine plural, so it takes हैं

Gender would show up more clearly in other kinds of sentences, especially with adjectives or past-tense forms.

Because जूते is plural.

• जूता = shoe (singular)
• जूते = shoes (plural)

This is a common masculine noun pattern in Hindi:

• लड़का → लड़के
• जूता → जूते

Since the sentence talks about more than one shoe, जूते is the correct form.

Hindi does not have articles like English a, an, and the.

So:

• किताब can mean a book or the book
• मेज़ can mean a table or the table

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is very normal in Hindi.

The neutral pattern here is:

subject + location phrase + है/हैं

So:

• किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है
• जूते मेज़ के नीचे हैं

This is very natural in Hindi for location sentences.

A very literal breakdown is:

• book table above is
• shoes table below are

Of course, the natural English translation is still The book is on the table, and the shoes are under the table.

Yes. Hindi allows some flexibility in word order, especially for emphasis or focus.

For example, you may also hear:

• मेज़ के ऊपर किताब है।

This still means The book is on the table, but the focus is slightly more on the location.

The version in your sentence is the most straightforward and learner-friendly order.

और means and.

It connects the two clauses:

• किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है
• जूते मेज़ के नीचे हैं

So:

• ..., और ... = ..., and ...

Very simple and very common.

Good question. The noun before a postposition usually goes into the oblique form. But not every noun shows a visible change.

मेज़ is one of those nouns whose form often looks the same in direct and oblique singular.

So you get:

• direct: मेज़
• oblique singular: मेज़

That is why you still see मेज़ के ऊपर and मेज़ के नीचे, not some obviously different form of मेज़.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

kitāb mez ke ūpar hai, aur jūte mez ke nīche hain

A few helpful notes:

• किताब = ki-taab
• मेज़ = mez
• ऊपर = oo-par
• जूते = joo-te
• नीचे = nee-che
• है = roughly hai
• हैं = roughly hain

If you want a very natural rhythm, say it in two chunks:

• किताब मेज़ के ऊपर है
• और जूते मेज़ के नीचे हैं