सुबह माँ मेज़ साफ करती है।

Hindi usually prefers Subject–Object–Verb order, not Subject–Verb–Object like English.

So the structure is:

• सुबह = time expression
• माँ = subject
• मेज़ = object
• साफ करती है = verb phrase

A very literal order would be:

In-the-morning mother table clean does-is

In natural English, that becomes Mother cleans the table in the morning or In the morning, mother cleans the table.

Also, Hindi is fairly flexible about word order, but this order is very normal.

सुबह can work as a time adverb by itself, meaning in the morning or morning time.

Hindi often uses time words without anything extra:

• सुबह = in the morning
• शाम = in the evening
• आज = today
• कल = yesterday/tomorrow

So सुबह at the beginning sets the time frame for the whole sentence. That is very natural in Hindi.

Because माँ is feminine singular.

In this kind of present habitual sentence, the verb agrees with the subject. The habitual form of करना changes like this:

• करता = masculine singular
• करती = feminine singular
• करते = masculine plural or respectful singular/plural in some contexts

Since माँ is feminine, you say करती है.

है is the present-tense auxiliary, roughly corresponding to is in form, but in sentences like this it helps build the present habitual meaning.

So:

• करती = doing / does in a habitual participle-like form
• करती है = does, cleans, habitually cleans

Without है, the sentence would sound incomplete in standard Hindi.

Hindi often expresses actions using a noun/adjective-like word plus करना.

Here:

• साफ = clean
• साफ करना = to clean

So मेज़ साफ करती है literally means she does the table clean, but in natural English that is simply she cleans the table.

This is a very common Hindi pattern:

• तैयार करना = to prepare
• फ़ैसला करना = to decide
• साफ करना = to clean

Because साफ is an indeclinable adjective in this use. It stays the same regardless of gender or number.

So you can have:

• साफ कमरा
• साफ मेज़
• साफ कपड़े

The agreement is shown on करता / करती / करते, not on साफ.

Because ने is generally used with transitive verbs in the perfective past, not in the present habitual.

So in this sentence, which is habitual/present, you say:

• माँ मेज़ साफ करती है

But in a completed past action, you would usually say:

• माँ ने मेज़ साफ की = Mother cleaned the table

That contrast is very important in Hindi.

Because मेज़ is a direct object, and in this sentence Hindi normally leaves it unmarked.

The postposition को is often used with:

• animate objects
• specific or emphasized objects
• indirect objects

But with an inanimate direct object like मेज़, especially in a sentence like this, no को is needed.

So:

• माँ मेज़ साफ करती है = natural
• माँ मेज़ को साफ करती है = possible in some contexts for emphasis, but not the normal neutral version

It normally means a habit, routine, or general fact.

So माँ मेज़ साफ करती है is most naturally understood as:

• Mother cleans the table in the morning
• Mother usually cleans the table in the morning

If you want to say she is doing it right now, Hindi usually uses the progressive:

• माँ मेज़ साफ कर रही है = Mother is cleaning the table

Hindi does not have articles like a, an, and the.

So मेज़ can mean:

• a table
• the table

The exact meaning comes from context. In this sentence, English naturally uses the table, but Hindi does not need a separate word for that.

A helpful rough guide is:

• माँ ≈ maa with nasalization, often written mā̃
• मेज़ ≈ mez

Two script details matter here:

• In माँ, the sign ँ nasalizes the vowel.
• In मेज़, the letter ज़ has a dot called a nukta, which changes the sound to z.

So माँ is not just plain मा, and मेज़ is not the same as मेज in careful pronunciation.