माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही है, और पिता सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं।

Because Hindi verbs agree with gender and also often reflect respect.

• माँ is feminine singular, so the progressive form is रही
  • माँ ... खरीद रही है
• पिता is grammatically masculine, but speakers often use the honorific/plural form for father, so you get:
  • पिता ... खरीद रहे हैं

So the difference is not because one action is different from the other. It is because:

• रही = feminine
• रहे = masculine plural / honorific
• है = singular non-honorific
• हैं = plural or honorific

A learner might expect पिता सब्ज़ी खरीद रहा है, and that is grammatically possible in a strictly non-honorific sense, but it sounds less natural and less respectful in many contexts.

This is a very common Hindi pattern: honorific agreement.

In Hindi, respected people are often treated grammatically like plural even when they are only one person. This affects the verb.

So:

• non-honorific masculine singular: वह खरीद रहा है
• honorific masculine singular: वे खरीद रहे हैं

With family members such as पिता, माता, दादा, teachers, elders, and other respected people, Hindi often uses this honorific plural style.

That is why:

• पिता ... खरीद रहे हैं sounds respectful and natural.

में is a postposition meaning in, inside, or sometimes at, depending on context.

So:

• बाज़ार = market
• बाज़ार में = in the market / at the market

Hindi uses postpositions instead of prepositions. In English, we say in the market. In Hindi, the equivalent word comes after the noun:

• बाज़ार में
• literally: market in

Because Hindi normally follows Subject–Object–Verb word order.

In English, we usually say:

• Mother is buying fruit

This is Subject–Verb–Object.

In Hindi, the usual order is:

• माँ फल खरीद रही है
• literally: Mother fruit buying is

In your sentence:

• माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही है
• पिता सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं

The main verb phrase comes at the end of each clause. This is one of the biggest word-order differences between English and Hindi.

Because not every direct object in Hindi takes को.

In this sentence, फल and सब्ज़ी are general things being bought, so they appear without को.

• फल खरीद रही है = is buying fruit
• सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं = is/are buying vegetables

Hindi often omits को with non-specific or inanimate direct objects.

Very roughly:

• को is more likely with specific, definite, or animate objects
• no को is common with general things like food, items, objects

So this sentence sounds natural as written.

Yes, सब्ज़ी is singular in form, but in Hindi it often works like a collective or mass noun.

So सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं can naturally mean:

• buying vegetables
• buying some vegetables
• buying vegetable produce

This is similar to how English sometimes says buying fruit instead of buying fruits.

Also:

• फल can also be used in a general sense as fruit
• सब्ज़ी often means vegetables in the everyday shopping sense

So even though the English translation may use a plural, Hindi often keeps the noun in this simple dictionary form.

These words help form the present progressive tense, which expresses an action in progress, like is buying or are buying.

The structure is:

• verb stem + रहा / रही / रहे
  • है / हैं

Here:

• खरीद = buy
• खरीद रही है = is buying
• खरीद रहे हैं = is buying / are buying, depending on honorific or plural context

The choice among रहा / रही / रहे depends on gender and number/honorific agreement:

• रहा = masculine singular
• रही = feminine singular
• रहे = masculine plural or honorific

So the sentence uses the normal Hindi way to say that both actions are happening right now.

Yes, absolutely.

Many speakers use honorific agreement with माँ as well, especially in respectful or family contexts. So both of these are possible:

• माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही है
• माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही हैं

The first is grammatically fine and common in many contexts. The second is more respectful.

If you make माँ honorific, you normally change only the auxiliary:

• रही है → रही हैं

Notice that रही stays feminine singular; the honorific effect mainly shows in हैं.

और means and.

It connects the two clauses:

• माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही है
• पिता सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं

So the full sentence says that two actions are happening:

• mother is buying fruit,
• and father is buying vegetables.

This is a very common coordinating conjunction in Hindi, just like and in English.

The given order is the most neutral and natural one, but Hindi word order is somewhat flexible.

Standard order here is:

• माँ बाज़ार में फल खरीद रही है
• पिता सब्ज़ी खरीद रहे हैं

You may also hear variations for emphasis, such as moving बाज़ार में earlier or highlighting the object. But for learners, the safest pattern is:

• Subject + place/time + object + verb

So this sentence is an excellent model to copy.

बाज़ार is commonly spelled with ज़, which represents a z sound. This spelling reflects the pronunciation used in standard Hindi/Urdu vocabulary.

You may also sometimes see बाजार without the dot in informal writing. Both are understood, but:

• बाज़ार is the more precise spelling
• बाजार is a common simplified spelling

For learners, it is useful to recognize both, but बाज़ार is a good standard form to learn.