मैं आपको कलम दे रही हूँ, और आप मुझे कागज़ दे रहे हैं।

Because these pronouns are not the subjects here; they are the receivers of the action.

In मैं आपको kalam दे रही हूँ:

• मैं = I → the subject
• आपको = to you → the indirect object / recipient

In आप मुझे कागज़ दे रहे हैं:

• आप = you → the subject
• मुझे = to me → the recipient

Hindi usually marks a recipient with को:

• आप + को = आपको
• मुझको is the full form, and मुझे is the very common shorter form

So:

• आपको = to you
• मुझे = to me

These are present progressive forms, meaning am giving / are giving.

They are built like this:

• दे = the verb stem from देना (to give)
• रही / रहे = progressive part
• हूँ / हैं = present tense of होना (to be)

So:

• दे रही हूँ = am giving
• दे रहे हैं = are giving

This is the usual Hindi pattern for an ongoing action:

verb stem + रहा / रही / रहे + form of होना

Examples:

• मैं खा रहा हूँ = I am eating
• वह लिख रही है = she is writing
• हम जा रहे हैं = we are going

Because in this construction, रहा / रही / रहे agrees with the subject in gender and number/honorific usage.

In the sentence:

• मैं ... दे रही हूँ suggests the speaker is female
• आप ... दे रहे हैं is the respectful form used for you, and here it is in a masculine/honorific plural-style form

Very roughly:

• रहा → masculine singular
• रही → feminine singular
• रहे → plural or honorific masculine/mixed

So the forms are changing to match the subject, not the object.

Yes. दे रही हूँ shows that the speaker is female.

If the speaker were male, it would normally be:

मैं आपको कलम दे रहा हूँ।

So:

• दे रही हूँ = said by a female speaker
• दे रहा हूँ = said by a male speaker

It can mean either:

• you singular, but polite/respectful
• you plural

Hindi आप is used for respect, so it often corresponds to English you when speaking politely to one person. It can also mean you all.

In this sentence, context would tell you whether it is:

• one respected person, or
• multiple people

Because आप takes respectful/plural-style verb agreement.

That is why Hindi uses:

• आप ... हैं not
• आप ... है

So even when आप refers to one person, the verb is still respectful:

• आप जा रहे हैं
• आप खा रहे हैं

If the person addressed were female, you would usually say:

• आप मुझे कागज़ दे रही हैं

So:

• हैं comes from respectful/plural agreement with आप
• रहे / रही can also reflect gender

Because ने is usually used with many perfective transitive clauses, not with the present progressive.

This sentence is in the present progressive:

• दे रही हूँ
• दे रहे हैं

So we say:

• मैं आपको कलम दे रही हूँ not
• मैंने आपको कलम दे रही हूँ

Compare:

• मैं आपको कलम दे रही हूँ = I am giving you a pen
• मैंने आपको कलम दी = I gave you a pen

The second one is perfective/past-like, so ने appears there.

No, not in this sentence.

In the present progressive, रहा / रही / रहे agrees with the subject, not with कलम or कागज़.

So:

• मैं ... दे रही हूँ → agrees with मैं
• आप ... दे रहे हैं → agrees with आप

Even though:

• कलम is feminine
• कागज़ is usually masculine

those nouns are not what determines रही/रहे here.

This is important, because English speakers often expect agreement with the nearest noun, but Hindi is not doing that here.

Typically:

• कलम is feminine
• कागज़ is masculine

That matters in some other parts of Hindi grammar, for example with adjectives or in some past/perfective verb agreements.

But in this specific sentence, the progressive verb forms are not matching those nouns, so their gender is not the reason for रही and रहे.

Hindi word order is more flexible than English, but the most neutral pattern is often:

Subject + indirect object + direct object + verb

So:

• मैं = subject
• आपको = to you
• कलम = pen
• दे रही हूँ = am giving

That gives: मैं आपको कलम दे रही हूँ।

You could also say:

• मैं कलम आपको दे रही हूँ
• कलम मैं आपको दे रही हूँ

But these alternatives change the emphasis a bit. The original sentence sounds very natural and neutral.

Because Hindi does not use articles the way English does.

So:

• कलम can mean a pen or the pen, depending on context
• कागज़ can mean paper, a paper, or the paper, depending on context

If you want to make a more explicit, you can use एक:

• मैं आपको एक कलम दे रही हूँ = I am giving you a pen

But in many sentences, Hindi simply leaves that unstated.

Yes. Both are correct.

• मुझे = very common, natural, everyday form
• मुझको = also correct, sometimes a bit fuller or more emphatic depending on context

So:

• आप मुझे कागज़ de रहे हैं and
• आप मुझको कागज़ दे रहे हैं

both mean the same thing.

Similarly:

• तुझे / तुझको
• हमें / हमको

Because आप is the polite/respectful form of you in Hindi.

Hindi has different levels of you:

• तू = very intimate / very informal / sometimes rude depending on context
• तुम = familiar, common with friends, younger people, equals
• आप = polite, respectful, formal

So this sentence sounds polite:

• मैं आपको कलम दे रही हूँ

If you were speaking to a friend informally, you might say:

• मैं तुम्हें कलम दे रही हूँ, और तुम मुझे कागज़ दे रहे हो।

Here are the most useful versions:

If the speaker is male:

• मैं आपको कलम दे रहा हूँ।

If the person addressed is a woman:

• आप मुझे कागज़ दे रही हैं।

If both are as in the original but the speaker is male and the addressee is female:

• मैं आपको कलम दे रहा हूँ, और आप मुझे कागज़ दे रही हैं।

So the important changing parts are:

• रहा / रही / रहे
• हूँ / हैं

Usually yes. The present progressive strongly suggests an ongoing action:

• I am giving you a pen
• you are giving me paper

It often describes something happening now, or something in progress around the current moment.

In context, it could also describe an immediate exchange:

• I’m handing you the pen, and you’re handing me the paper

So it is not a simple habitual give; it is specifically an ongoing or currently unfolding action.