क्या तुम हिंदी बोलती हो?

At the beginning of a sentence, क्या is a very common way to turn a statement into a yes/no question.

• तुम हिंदी बोलती हो। = You speak Hindi.
• क्या तुम हिंदी बोलती हो? = Do you speak Hindi?

In this position, क्या does not mean what.
It is just a question marker.

No. It has two main uses:

• At the beginning of a sentence: it often marks a yes/no question
  
  • क्या तुम हिंदी बोलती ho? = Do you speak Hindi?
• Inside a sentence: it can mean what
  
  • तुम क्या बोलती हो? = What do you speak / What are you saying?

So the meaning depends a lot on position.

Because बोलती agrees with a female person being addressed.

In Hindi, the verb often agrees with the gender and number of the subject.

• तुम हिंदी बोलती हो? = said to a female
• तुम हिंदी बोलते हो? = said to a male or sometimes to more than one person

So this sentence is specifically addressed to a girl or woman.

हो is a form of the verb होना (to be), used with तुम.

In sentences like this, Hindi often uses:

• verb stem + habitual form + form of होना

So:

• बोलती हो literally works like speak/speaking + are

This is the normal way to say something like you speak in this kind of sentence.

Compare:

• मैं बोलता हूँ / बोलती हूँ = I speak
• तुम बोलते हो / बोलती हो = you speak
• वह बोलता है / बोलती है = he/she speaks

Hindi has different levels of you:

• तू = very informal, very intimate, sometimes rude
• तुम = familiar, common, friendly
• आप = polite, respectful, formal

So तुम हिंदी बोलती हो? is a familiar way to ask someone.

If you want to be more polite, you would usually say:

• क्या आप हिंदी बोलती हैं? = to a woman
• क्या आप हिंदी बोलते हैं? = to a man

A native English speaker often needs to remember that Hindi makes politeness distinctions that English usually does not.

Yes. तुम can mean:

• you singular, familiar
• you plural, familiar

So context tells you whether one person or more than one person is meant.

In this sentence, because of बोलती, it most naturally sounds like it is addressed to one female.
If you were talking to a group, the verb form might be different depending on who is being addressed.

In English, Do you speak Hindi? and Can you speak Hindi? can sometimes be close in meaning.

Hindi often just uses बोलते/बोलती हो to ask whether someone speaks a language.

So:

• क्या तुम हिंदी बोलती हो? = Do you speak Hindi?

If you specifically want to emphasize ability, you could say:

• क्या तुम हिंदी बोल सकती हो? = Can you speak Hindi? / Are you able to speak Hindi?

But in many everyday situations, बोलती हो is perfectly natural.

Because in Hindi, the language being spoken usually comes directly before बोलना (to speak).

• मैं हिंदी बोलता हूँ। = I speak Hindi.
• वह अंग्रेज़ी बोलती है। = She speaks English.

You do not need a preposition like in here.

So Hindi works more like:

• Hindi speak

rather than

• speak in Hindi

Yes, that is also possible in colloquial Hindi.

Two common patterns are:

• क्या tum हिंदी बोलती हो?
• तुम हिंदी बोलती हो क्या?

Both can mean Do you speak Hindi?

The version with क्या at the end can sound more conversational in everyday speech.
The sentence with क्या at the beginning is often easier for learners to recognize and build.

क्या is pronounced roughly like kya as one syllable.

Important points:

• It is not usually pronounced like kee-yaa
• It is not two clearly separate syllables in careful everyday speech
• The ky sound is similar to saying k and y very close together

A rough English-friendly guide:

• क्या ≈ kya
• तुम ≈ tum with a softer dental t
• हिंदी ≈ Hin-dee
• बोलती ≈ bol-tee
• हो ≈ ho

Both spellings are used, and both refer to Hindi.

• हिंदी is very common in modern usage
• हिन्दी is also correct and reflects the consonants more explicitly

For a learner, the important thing is to recognize that they are the same word.

Yes, this exact sentence is directed to a female because of बोलती.

To ask a man, you would normally say:

• क्या तुम हिंदी बोलते हो?

To ask politely with आप:

• क्या आप हिंदी बोलती हैं? = to a woman
• क्या आप हिंदी बोलते हैं? = to a man

So the verb ending changes depending on gender and also on the level of politeness.

In this sentence, बोलती हो is best understood as a habitual/simple present meaning:

• you speak

Hindi forms like बोलता/बोलती + forms of होना are often used where English uses the simple present.

So:

• तुम हिंदी बोलती हो = You speak Hindi

If you want to emphasize right now, at this moment, Hindi more often uses a progressive form:

• तुम हिंदी बोल रही हो = You are speaking Hindi

That is a different meaning.

Yes, in conversation Hindi often drops pronouns when they are already understood from context.

So someone might say:

• क्या हिंदी बोलती हो?

This can still mean Do you speak Hindi? if it is obvious who is being addressed.

But for learners, keeping तुम in the sentence is helpful because it makes the structure clearer.

Some simple answers are:

• हाँ, मैं हिंदी बोलती हूँ। = Yes, I speak Hindi.
  
  • said by a female speaker
• हाँ, मैं हिंदी बोलता हूँ। = Yes, I speak Hindi.
  
  • said by a male speaker
• नहीं, मैं हिंदी नहीं बोलती। = No, I do not speak Hindi.
  
  • female
• नहीं, मैं हिंदी नहीं बोलता। = No, I do not speak Hindi.
  
  • male

Notice that the speaker’s own gender affects बोलता / बोलती in the answer.