उसका काम असफल हुआ।

उसका means his, her, or its, depending on context.

It is the possessive form of उस (that/he/she in an oblique-related form). In this sentence, it is modifying काम (work/task), so उसका काम means his work, her work, or that person’s work.

A key point for English speakers: उसका does not itself tell you whether the person is male or female. The context does that.

Because the possessive adjective agrees with the thing possessed, not with the owner.

Here, the possessed noun is काम, which is masculine singular in Hindi. So the correct form is:

• उसका काम = his/her work

Compare:

• उसकी किताब = his/her book
  (किताब is feminine singular)
• उसके दोस्त = his/her friends
  (दोस्त is plural here)

So उसका is used because काम is masculine singular.

The subject is काम.

That can feel a little surprising to an English speaker, because you may focus first on उसका. But उसका is only showing possession: his/her work.

So the structure is basically:

• उसका = his/her
• काम = work
• असफल = unsuccessful
• हुआ = became/was

So the sentence is built around काम as the thing that became unsuccessful.

असफल means unsuccessful or failed.

Grammatically, it is acting like a predicate adjective/complement with हुआ. In other words, the sentence literally works like:

• His/her work became unsuccessful or
• His/her work turned out unsuccessful

Hindi often uses this kind of adjective + होना structure.

A useful comparison:

• काम सफल हुआ = the work was successful
• काम असफल हुआ = the work was unsuccessful / failed

हुआ is the past form of होना (to be / to happen / to become).

In this sentence, it gives the sense of became or turned out to be. So:

• असफल हुआ = became unsuccessful / turned out unsuccessful

This is very common in Hindi. Rather than using a single verb exactly like English to fail, Hindi often uses:

• noun + adjective + होना

So काम असफल हुआ is a natural way to say that the work or effort did not succeed.

Because हुआ agrees with काम, which is masculine singular.

Agreement here is with the subject काम:

• masculine singular → हुआ
• feminine singular → हुई
• plural masculine → हुए
• plural feminine → usually हुईं in careful standard Hindi

Example comparisons:

• उसकी कोशिश असफल हुई।
  कोशिश is feminine, so हुई
• उनके प्रयास असफल हुए।
  प्रयास is plural masculine, so हुए

More literally, it means the work failed or the work was unsuccessful.

That is an important difference.

• उसका काम असफल हुआ। = His/her work was unsuccessful
• वह असफल हुआ। = He failed
• वह असफल हुई। = She failed

So this sentence talks about the work/task/effort, not directly about the person.

Yes, काम is very flexible.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• work
• task
• job
• project
• effort
• undertaking

So in this sentence, उसका काम असफल हुआ could refer to:

• a plan failing
• a project not succeeding
• an attempt not working out
• someone’s effort being unsuccessful

The exact English translation depends on context.

Yes, it is grammatical and natural, especially in a somewhat formal or written style.

It may sound a bit more formal than very casual everyday speech. In conversation, people might also say things like:

• उसका काम सफल नहीं हुआ।
  His/her work did not succeed.
• उसका काम नहीं बना।
  His/her work didn’t work out.
• वह अपने काम में असफल रहा/रही।
  He/she was unsuccessful in the work.

But उसका काम असफल हुआ is still perfectly valid.

Yes, absolutely.

Both mean roughly the same thing:

• उसका काम असफल हुआ। = his/her work was unsuccessful
• उसका काम सफल नहीं हुआ। = his/her work did not succeed

The second one can sound a little more straightforward and common in everyday speech, while असफल is slightly more formal or bookish.

Because this sentence is not using a transitive perfective structure where ने would normally appear.

The verb here is होना in the form हुआ, and काम is the subject:

• काम असफल हुआ

Since होना is not taking a direct object in the way a verb like किया would, there is no ने.

Compare:

• उसने काम किया।
  He/she did the work.
  Here you get ने.
• उसका काम असफल हुआ।
  His/her work was unsuccessful.
  No ने here.

Yes.

This is a very common point of confusion for English speakers. In Hindi, third-person possessives like उसका / उसकी / उसके do not show the owner’s gender. They agree with the noun that follows.

So:

• उसका काम can mean his work or her work
• उसकी किताब can mean his book or her book

You need context to know whether the owner is male or female.

The basic order is:

possessor + noun + complement + verb

So here:

• उसका = possessor
• काम = noun
• असफल = complement/adjective
• हुआ = verb

Hindi generally puts the verb at the end, which is why हुआ comes last.

A very literal layout would be:

• his/her work unsuccessful became

That helps explain the structure, even though it sounds unnatural in English.

Both the possessive form and the verb form may change.

For example, with कोशिश (attempt), which is feminine:

• उसकी कोशिश असफल हुई।

Changes:

• उसका → उसकी because कोशिश is feminine singular
• हुआ → हुई because the subject is feminine singular

So agreement in Hindi is something you always need to watch carefully.