אם תחפרי עמוק מדי, את יכולה לפגוע בשורש של העץ.

Yes. This sentence is addressed to one female person.

• תחפרי = you (feminine singular) will dig / dig
• את יכולה = you (feminine singular) can

Hebrew usually marks gender in the second person, unlike English.

If you were talking to a man, you would say:

• אם תחפור עמוק מדי, אתה יכול לפגוע בשורש של העץ.

If you were talking to more than one person, the forms would change again.

Yes. In Hebrew, after אם meaning if, it is very common to use the future tense to talk about a possible condition:

• אם תחפרי... = if you dig...

Even though English often uses the present in this kind of sentence (if you dig), Hebrew often uses the future form for this type of condition.

So this pattern is very normal:

• אם תבואי, נשמח. = If you come, we’ll be happy.
• אם תאכל יותר מדי, תרגיש רע. = If you eat too much, you’ll feel bad.

תחפרי comes from the root ח־פ־ר, which is related to digging.

The basic verb is:

• לחפור = to dig

The form תחפרי is future, second person feminine singular.

Very roughly:

• ת- often marks future in several verb forms
• -י here helps mark you feminine singular

So:

• תחפור = you will dig (masculine singular)
• תחפרי = you will dig (feminine singular)

Because עמוק here is not describing you. It is describing how the digging is done.

In this sentence, עמוק works like an adverb:

• לחפור עמוק = to dig deep / deeply

So it stays in the default masculine singular form very often when used this way.

Compare:

• בור עמוק = a deep hole
  Here עמוק is a normal adjective describing בור, so it agrees with the noun.
• היא חופרת עמוק = she digs deep
  Here עמוק describes the action, so it does not change to feminine.

מדי means too in the sense of excessively.

So:

• עמוק מדי = too deep
• מהר מדי = too fast
• יקר מדי = too expensive

It usually comes after the adjective or adverb it modifies.

So Hebrew says:

• deep too-much
  rather than
• too deep

That word order is normal in Hebrew.

Yes, Hebrew often allows subject pronouns to be omitted because the verb form already gives information about the subject.

So these are both possible:

• אם תחפרי עמוק מדי, את יכולה לפגוע בשורש של העץ.
• אם תחפרי עמוק מדי, יכולה לפגוע בשורש של העץ.

But in practice, keeping את often sounds clearer and more natural, especially for learners or in spoken language.

Also, את יכולה can sound a little more explicit, like you can.

Because יכולה is the present tense feminine singular form of יכול (can / able to).

Hebrew often uses present-tense forms of יכול to express ability:

• אני יכול/יכולה = I can
• את יכולה = you can
• הוא יכול = he can

So in this sentence:

• את יכולה לפגוע... = you can damage/hurt...

Hebrew could also use other structures in different contexts, but את יכולה is very standard for you can.

לפגוע can have several related meanings depending on context, including:

• to hit
• to hurt
• to harm
• to damage

In this sentence, the most natural sense is:

• to damage
• or to harm

So לפגוע בשורש של העץ means something like:

• to damage the tree’s root
• to harm the root of the tree

It does not necessarily mean a physical strike with force; it can also mean causing harm.

Because the verb לפגוע usually takes the preposition ב־ (in / at / on, depending on context).

So the basic pattern is:

• לפגוע ב... = to hurt / damage / hit ...

Examples:

• לפגוע במישהו = to hurt someone
• לפגוע ברכב = to damage a car
• לפגוע בשורש = to damage the root

In your sentence, ב־ combines with ה־:

• ב + השורש = בשורש

So בשורש literally comes from in/at the root, but idiomatically it means the root as the object of לפגוע.

This is a very common Hebrew contraction.

When the preposition ב־ (in / at / on) comes before a noun with ה־ (the), they usually combine:

• ב + ה = בַּ in pronunciation, and in normal spelling you see it as one word

So:

• ב + השורש → בשורש
• ב + הבית → בבית
• ב + הכיתה → בכיתה

The same kind of thing happens with some other prepositions too.

Both are possible in Hebrew, but they are slightly different in style.

• השורש של העץ = the root of the tree
• שורש העץ = the tree’s root / root of the tree

The של structure is often more conversational and straightforward, especially for learners.

The construct form (סמיכות) without של is also very common:

• שורש העץ

In your sentence, בשורש של העץ is perfectly natural and very clear.

Yes. In English, these are usually equivalent:

• the root of the tree
• the tree’s root

So:

• בשורש של העץ = in the root of the tree / the tree’s root
• more naturally: the root of the tree

Hebrew often uses של where English might use either of or apostrophe-s.

It is pronounced approximately ha-etz.

A few pronunciation notes:

• ה at the beginning is ha- = the
• עץ is etz
• together: העץ = ha-etz

The letter ע is often silent in many modern Israeli pronunciations, especially for learners, though traditionally it has a throat sound.

So many learners will simply say something close to ha-etz.

Yes, שורש is singular: root.

In context, Hebrew can still use the singular naturally when referring to the root system or to a root in a general sense.

If someone wanted to be more explicitly plural, they could say שורשים (roots), but the singular here sounds normal and idiomatic.

So the sentence is not strange; it just focuses on the root as a vulnerable part of the tree.

This order is very natural:

• אם תחפרי עמוק מדי, את יכולה לפגוע בשורש של העץ.

But Hebrew is somewhat flexible. For example, you could also say:

• את יכולה לפגוע בשורש של העץ אם תחפרי עמוק מדי.

That means the same thing:
You can damage the root of the tree if you dig too deep.

The version with אם first is often especially natural when the condition comes first.

A fairly literal word-by-word breakdown is:

• אם = if
• תחפרי = you will dig / you dig (feminine singular, in an if-clause)
• עמוק = deep / deeply
• מדי = too
• את = you
• יכולה = can / are able
• לפגוע = to hurt / damage
• בשורש = in/at the root → the root (with לפגוע ב־)
• של = of
• העץ = the tree

So literally it is something like:

• If you dig too deep, you can damage the root of the tree.