הקומקום על השולחן ליד הספל הכחול.

In the present tense, Hebrew usually does not use a separate word for is / are in simple sentences like this one.

So:

• הקומקום על השולחן = The kettle is on the table
• literally, it is more like The kettle on the table

This is completely normal in Hebrew.
If you wanted past or future, then Hebrew would use a verb:

• הקומקום היה על השולחן = The kettle was on the table
• הקומקום יהיה על השולחן = The kettle will be on the table

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• קומקום = kettle

• הקומקום = the kettle

• שולחן = table

• השולחן = the table

• ספל = cup / mug
• הספל = the cup / mug

Hebrew attaches the directly to the beginning of the noun instead of using a separate word like English does.

In Hebrew, when a noun is definite, its adjective must also be definite.

So:

• ספל כחול = a blue cup
• הספל הכחול = the blue cup

This is a very important rule. In English, only the noun gets the, but in Hebrew, both the noun and the adjective show definiteness.

So הספל הכחול is not optional wording—it is the correct way to say the blue cup.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• ספל כחול = a blue cup
• literally: cup blue

This is the normal Hebrew word order.
English usually says blue cup, but Hebrew says cup blue.

The same pattern appears with many adjectives:

• בית גדול = a big house
• הילד הקטן = the small boy

These are prepositions:

• על = on
• ליד = next to / beside / by

So the sentence is built like this:

• הקומקום = the kettle
• על השולחן = on the table
• ליד הספל הכחול = next to the blue cup

Together:
The kettle is on the table next to the blue cup.

It describes the cup.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come right after the noun they modify, and they agree with that noun. Here we have:

• הספל הכחול = the blue cup

So הכחול goes with הספל, not with השולחן.

If the table were blue, you would expect something like:

• השולחן הכחול = the blue table

Because there is no direct object here.

The word את is used before a definite direct object, but this sentence is not describing an action being done to something. It is a location sentence:

• The kettle is on the table ליד the blue cup

The nouns after על and ליד are part of prepositional phrases, not direct objects.

For comparison:

• אני רואה את הספל = I see the cup
  Here את appears because the cup is a direct object.

But in your sentence, השולחן and הספל follow prepositions, so no את is used.

The sentence follows a very common Hebrew pattern:

noun + prepositional phrase + prepositional phrase

Breaking it down:

• הקומקום = subject
• על השולחן = location
• ליד הספל הכחול = additional location information

So Hebrew is essentially saying:

The kettle — on the table — next to the blue cup.

This is a natural way to form simple present-tense location sentences.

Yes, gender matters in Hebrew, especially for adjectives.

In this sentence, the nouns are masculine singular:

• קומקום = masculine singular
• שולחן = masculine singular
• ספל = masculine singular

The adjective כחול is also masculine singular, because it agrees with ספל.

If the noun were feminine, the adjective would usually change. For example:

• כוס כחולה = a blue cup/glass
  because כוס is usually feminine

So agreement is important: the adjective must match the noun in gender, number, and definiteness.

You would remove the definite article ה־ from the nouns and from the adjective:

• קומקום על שולחן ליד ספל כחול

That means:

• קומקום = a kettle
• שולחן = a table
• ספל כחול = a blue cup

Notice that the adjective also loses ה:

• הספל הכחול = the blue cup
• ספל כחול = a blue cup

A common pronunciation guide is:

ha-kum-kum al ha-shul-khan leyad ha-sefel ha-ka-khol

A few helpful notes:

• הקומקום = ha-kumkum
• השולחן = ha-shulkhan
• ליד = leyad
• הספל = ha-sefel
• הכחול = ha-kakhol or ha-khachol, depending on how you represent the Hebrew sound כ

The letter ח in שולחן and the כ in כחול are throat/fricative sounds that do not exist in normal English pronunciation, so learners often need extra practice with them.