עודפי בגדים נעשים פסולת טקסטיל.

עודפי is the construct form of the plural noun עודפים / עודף, meaning surplus, excess, or leftover amounts.

So:

• עודפים = the regular standalone form
• עודפי = the form used before another noun in a noun chain

Here, עודפי בגדים literally means surplus of clothes or excess clothes/clothing surplus.

Hebrew often changes the first noun this way when it is linked to the next noun.

Yes. It is a classic construct chain (סמיכות).

Structure:

• עודפי = surplus/excess of ...
• בגדים = clothes

Together: עודפי בגדים = surplus clothes / excess clothing

In English, we often translate this more naturally rather than word-for-word.

A useful thing to remember: in a construct chain, the first noun depends on the second one for its full meaning.

בגדים is the normal plural word for clothes or garments.

Hebrew often uses בגדים in places where English might prefer clothing. So even if English says excess clothing, Hebrew can naturally say עודפי בגדים.

A few related words:

• בגד = a garment / an item of clothing
• בגדים = clothes
• לבוש or ביגוד can also refer to clothing, but they sound different in tone or usage

So עודפי בגדים is completely natural.

Because the sentence is making a general statement, not talking about one specific set of clothes.

So:

• עודפי בגדים = excess clothes / clothing surplus in general
• פסולת טקסטיל = textile waste in general

If you wanted to make it definite, Hebrew would mark that differently. For example, in a construct chain, the definiteness usually appears on the second noun:

• עודפי הבגדים = the surplus of the clothes

So the lack of ה־ here matches the broad, general meaning.

נעשים is the masculine plural present-tense form of נעשה.

In this sentence, it means something like:

• become
• turn into
• are made into
  depending on context

So עודפי בגדים נעשים פסולת טקסטיל means that excess clothes become / are turned into textile waste.

This use is a bit formal or informational in tone, which fits the sentence.

Because it agrees with the subject עודפי בגדים, which is grammatically masculine plural.

So:

• singular masculine: נעשה
• singular feminine: נעשית
• plural masculine: נעשים
• plural feminine: נעשות

Since עודפי בגדים is treated as masculine plural, the verb must be נעשים.

No. It is better understood as a predicate noun / complement, not a direct object.

The sentence pattern is basically:

X becomes Y

So:

• עודפי בגדים = X
• נעשים = become / are made into
• פסולת טקסטיל = Y

That means פסולת טקסטיל is what the clothes end up being, not something they are acting on.

Because פסולת is usually a mass noun or collective noun, like English waste.

Even if many individual items are involved, the result can still be spoken of as one mass/category:

• many clothes
• but one category: waste

So פסולת stays singular, just like English says This all becomes waste, not usually wastes.

טקסטיל means textile and it specifies the type of waste.

So:

• פסולת = waste
• פסולת טקסטיל = textile waste

This is a very common Hebrew pattern: one noun followed by another noun that classifies it.

Similar examples:

• פסולת פלסטיק = plastic waste
• פסולת נייר = paper waste

So טקסטיל tells you what kind of waste it is.

Good question. With some Hebrew verbs meaning become, you often do see ל־:

• הופך ל־... = turns into ...

But with נעשה / נעשים in this kind of formal statement, Hebrew can use the noun directly:

• נעשים פסולת טקסטיל

So this is normal Hebrew usage.
If you used הופכים, then ל־ would be expected:

• עודפי בגדים הופכים לפסולת טקסטיל

That version is also natural.

Yes, but the nuance is a little different.

• עודפי בגדים sounds more formal, technical, or institutional
  like something you might read in a report about inventory, recycling, or waste management
• בגדים עודפים sounds more like extra clothes or clothes that are surplus

So both can be understandable, but עודפי בגדים fits this sentence’s style better.

A rough pronunciation is:

odfei begadim na'asim psolet tekstil

Approximate stress:

• od-FEI
• be-ga-DIM
• na-a-SIM
• pso-LET
• teks-TIL

A couple of pronunciation notes:

• נעשים has a noticeable break between na and a
• פסולת starts with a ps cluster, which may feel unusual for English speakers

Yes, it sounds fairly formal, informative, and written.

A more everyday way to say something similar might use:

• הופכים ל־
• or a slightly simpler noun phrase

For example, a more conversational style could be:

בגדים עודפים הופכים לפסולת טקסטיל

But the original sentence is perfectly natural in formal Hebrew, especially in environmental or policy-related contexts.