האבן ליד הכביש.

In Hebrew, the verb to be is usually omitted in simple present-tense sentences like this one.

So האבן ליד הכביש literally looks like the stone next to the road, but it naturally means The stone is next to the road.

This is very normal in Hebrew. Compare:

• הילד בבית = The boy is at home
• הספר על השולחן = The book is on the table

If you want past or future, Hebrew usually does use a verb:

• האבן הייתה ליד הכביש = The stone was next to the road
• האבן תהיה ליד הכביש = The stone will be next to the road

Word by word:

• האבן = the stone
• ליד = next to / beside / by
• הכביש = the road

So the structure is:

the stone + next to + the road

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• אבן = a stone / stone
• האבן = the stone

and

• כביש = a road / road
• הכביש = the road

Both nouns are definite here, so both take ה־.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

ha-EH-ven le-YAD ha-kvish

More literally by word:

• האבן = ha-even
• ליד = leyad
• הכביש = hakvish

A few pronunciation notes:

• אבן sounds like EH-ven
• ליד is stressed on the second syllable: le-YAD
• כביש is pronounced roughly kvish

Yes. ליד is a preposition meaning next to, beside, or sometimes by.

It introduces the location phrase:

• ליד הבית = next to the house
• ליד הדלת = next to the door
• ליד הכביש = next to the road

Unlike very short Hebrew prepositions such as ב־, ל־, and כ־, the word ליד stands as a separate word.

Because ליד is an independent preposition, not a one-letter prefix preposition.

In Hebrew, some prepositions attach directly to the next word:

• בבית = in a house / in the house depending on context
• לבית = to a house / to the house depending on form
• כמלך = like a king

But ליד stays separate:

• ליד הכביש
• not one combined word

So this sentence is written correctly.

אבן is a feminine noun.

In this particular sentence, it does not visibly affect anything, because there is no adjective or past/future verb agreeing with it.

But gender would matter in other sentences, for example:

• אבן גדולה = a big stone
  Here גדולה is the feminine form of big.

• האבן הייתה כבדה = The stone was heavy
  Both the verb form and adjective can reflect feminine agreement.

So it is useful to remember that אבן is feminine, even though this sentence does not make that obvious.

Yes, you can, but it is usually less neutral than האבן ליד הכביש.

In simple present-tense Hebrew, the most natural form is usually without היא:

• האבן ליד הכביש

Adding היא can sound more emphatic, contrastive, or explanatory:

• האבן היא ליד הכביש, לא ליד הבית = The stone is ליד the road, not ליד the house

So for a basic statement, leaving out היא is the normal choice.

Yes. This is a very normal word order.

The sentence is:

subject + location phrase

• האבן = the subject
• ליד הכביש = where it is

This is the most straightforward way to say it.

Hebrew can sometimes move things around for emphasis, but האבן ליד הכביש is the standard, natural order.

Not always exactly. ליד often means:

• next to
• beside
• by
• near

The exact English translation depends on context.

So האבן ליד הכביש could be understood as:

• The stone is next to the road
• The stone is by the road
• The stone is beside the road

If the learner has already been given one translation, that is probably the intended meaning for this sentence, but the Hebrew preposition can be a little flexible.

Yes, Hebrew can say both, but they mean slightly different things.

• ליד הכביש = next to the road
  This usually refers to a specific road known from the situation.

• ליד כביש = next to a road / next to road traffic / by a road
  This is less specific and can sound more general.

In your sentence, הכביש is definite, so the meaning is about a particular road: the road.