הגלזורה משנה את המרקם של כלי החרס.

A natural broad transliteration is:

ha-glazura meshane et ha-markam shel kli / klei ha-kheres

A few notes:

• את here is pronounced et
• ח in החרס is the throaty kh sound, like Scottish loch or German Bach
• כלי is ambiguous in unpointed Hebrew:
  • kli = singular
  • klei = construct/plural form, depending on context

So the exact pronunciation of כלי depends on the meaning you were shown.

No. Here את is not the preposition with.

In this sentence, את is the direct object marker. Hebrew uses את before a definite direct object, usually one with ה־ or another definite form.

So in:

הגלזורה משנה את המרקם

המרקם is the definite direct object, so Hebrew marks it with את.

Important contrast:

• את = direct object marker
• אִתּ־ / עם = with

You usually do not translate this את into English as a separate word.

Because המרקם is a definite direct object: the texture.

In standard Hebrew, when a verb takes a definite direct object, you normally put את before it:

• אני רואה את הבית = I see the house
• הגלזורה משנה את המרקם = the glaze changes the texture

If the object were indefinite, את would usually be omitted.

משנה is present tense.

It comes from the verb לשנות = to change.

In Hebrew, the present tense often covers both:

• changes
• is changing

So משנה can match either simple present or present progressive in English, depending on context.

Great question. In this verb pattern, the singular present form משנה looks the same for both masculine singular and feminine singular.

So:

• הוא משנה = he changes
• היא משנה = she changes

Even though הגלזורה is feminine, the form still stays משנה.

You see clearer gender/number differences in the plural:

• הם משנים = they change
• הן משנות = they change

So the verb does agree with the subject, but in this particular singular form the masculine and feminine look identical.

ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, equivalent to English the.

Here it appears in:

• הגלזורה = the glaze
• המרקם = the texture
• החרס = the earthenware / clay

So Hebrew is marking those nouns as definite.

One thing that may feel unusual is that in noun chains like כלי החרס, the first noun often does not take ה־, even when the whole phrase is definite. That is a normal Hebrew pattern.

של usually means of or belonging to.

So:

המרקם של כלי החרס
= the texture of the earthenware vessel(s)

Hebrew commonly uses של to connect nouns in a possessive or descriptive relationship.

It is very common in everyday Hebrew and often feels more transparent to learners than the shorter noun-chain style.

Because כלי החרס is a noun-chain type expression, roughly like:

• earthenware vessel
• vessel(s) of earthenware

In Hebrew, in this kind of construction, the first noun usually does not take the definite article. If the whole phrase is definite, definiteness is often shown on the second noun:

• כלי חרס = an earthenware vessel / earthenware vessels
• כלי החרס = the earthenware vessel / the earthenware vessels

So הכלי החרס would not be the normal form here.

Without vowel marks, כלי is ambiguous.

It can be read as:

• kli = vessel / utensil / tool (singular)
• klei = construct form related to vessels / utensils / tools

So only the context, the translation you were given, or vowel marks can tell you which one is intended here.

That ambiguity is very common in unpointed Hebrew and is something learners gradually get used to.

Yes. A more compact version would be:

הגלזורה משנה את מרקם כלי החרס.

That means essentially the same thing.

So Hebrew has two common ways to express this kind of of relationship:

• המרקם של כלי החרס
• מרקם כלי החרס

Very roughly:

• the של version often feels a bit more explicit or conversational
• the compact noun-chain version can feel a bit denser or more formal/written

Both are normal.

No. The word order here is quite normal and neutral:

Subject + Verb + Object

• הגלזורה = subject
• משנה = verb
• את המרקם = direct object
• של כלי החרס = phrase describing whose texture

Hebrew can change word order for emphasis, style, or focus, but this sentence uses a very straightforward order that learners should recognize as standard.