Fasinjoji suna fuskantar cunkoso.

Here suna means something like they are or they do, depending context. In this sentence, it gives the sense are facing.

More specifically, it is a 3rd-person plural subject/aspect marker. So it tells you the subject is they and that the action is ongoing or habitual.

No. It is just the same spelling.

In this sentence, suna is a grammar word meaning roughly they are. In other contexts, suna can be a noun meaning name. Hausa often has words that look identical in writing but mean different things depending on context.

Most naturally here, it means are facing.

However, Hausa forms like this can sometimes cover both an ongoing meaning and a more general/habitual meaning, depending on context. So in the right situation, it could also be translated as Passengers face congestion, but Passengers are facing congestion is the most straightforward reading.

After markers like suna, Hausa commonly uses a verbal noun form rather than a plain English-style verb form. So fuskantar is the form that fits after suna here.

A helpful way to think of suna fuskantar is are facing. You do not need to force Hausa to match English word-for-word; this is just the normal Hausa pattern.

Fuskantar means to face, to confront, or to encounter.

So fuskantar cunkoso means to face congestion, to encounter congestion, or in some contexts to deal with overcrowding/traffic delay.

Cunkoso means congestion, crowding, overcrowding, or traffic jam, depending on the situation.

So the sentence could describe:

• traffic congestion affecting passengers
• overcrowding in transport
• a jam or bottleneck that passengers are experiencing

Context tells you which English wording sounds best.

Because suna only tells you they. It does not tell you who the they are.

Fasinjoji names the subject explicitly: passengers. If the people were already clear from context, Hausa could simply say Suna fuskantar cunkoso for They are facing congestion.

The singular is fasinja = passenger.
The plural is fasinjoji = passengers.

This is also a good reminder that Hausa plurals are not always formed in one simple, predictable way. Many nouns have to be learned with their plural forms individually. In this case, the word is also clearly related to English passenger, but it has been adapted to Hausa spelling and plural patterns.

Because Hausa does not use articles the same way English does.

A bare noun like Fasinjoji can often mean passengers or the passengers, depending on context. Hausa usually relies more on context than English does for this kind of distinction.

No. Suna is used for 3rd-person plural, regardless of whether the group is male, female, or mixed.

In the singular, Hausa does make distinctions such as:

• yana for masculine singular
• tana for feminine singular

But in the plural here, suna works for all of them.

Broadly, yes.

The sentence is arranged like this:

Fasinjoji = subject
suna = they are / plural subject + aspect marker
fuskantar = facing
cunkoso = congestion

So the overall flow is close to Passengers are facing congestion. The main difference is that Hausa packs some of the meaning of English they are into the single word suna.