Likita ya ce a sha ruwa a hankali.

slowly

Breakdown of Likita ya ce a sha ruwa a hankali.

• ce: to say
• sha: to drink
• ya: he
• a: one/they (impersonal)
• likita: doctor
• ruwa: water

Questions & Answers about Likita ya ce a sha ruwa a hankali.

Why is it Likita ya ce and not just Likita ce or Likita ya faɗa?

• Likita = doctor (a noun; no article like the/a is required).
• ya ce literally means he said. Hausa commonly uses ce (to say) with a pronoun + tense/aspect marker.
• You can also hear Likita ya faɗa (the doctor said/told). faɗa often feels a bit more like told/said (something specific), while ce is extremely common for introducing reported speech or instructions.

What does ya mean here?

ya is the 3rd person singular masculine subject pronoun he (referring back to Likita). Hausa frequently repeats the pronoun even when the noun subject is present:

• Likita ya ce… = The doctor, he said…

(For a female doctor you’d typically say Likita ta ce… = The doctor, she said…)

What tense/aspect is being used in ya ce?

ya ce is in the common completed/perfective-style form, often translated as said (a completed action). In everyday English you’d usually render it as past: The doctor said…

Why does the sentence switch to a sha ruwa instead of ya sha ruwa?

Because a + verb is being used to give an impersonal instruction:

• a sha ruwa ≈ (one should) drink water / drink water (as advice/instruction)
  It’s not describing what the doctor drank; it’s describing what is recommended/commanded.

So:

• Likita ya sha ruwa = The doctor drank water.
• Likita ya ce a sha ruwa = The doctor said to drink water / that water should be drunk.

What exactly is this a + verb structure?

It’s a very common Hausa way to express:

• advice
• instructions
• general rules
• impersonal commands

You can think of it like let it be done, one should, or an English passive-like instruction:

• a sha ruwa = drink water / water should be drunk
• a tafi = go / one should go
• a jira = wait / one should wait

Could it also be said with ka/ki (you) instead of a?

Yes, and the meaning becomes directly addressed to someone:

• Likita ya ce ka sha ruwa a hankali. = The doctor told you (male) to drink water slowly.
• Likita ya ce ki sha ruwa a hankali. = The doctor told you (female) to drink water slowly.

Using a sha… keeps it more general/impersonal, like medical advice.

What does sha mean, and does it only mean drink?

sha commonly means to drink, especially with liquids:

• sha ruwa = drink water

It also has other meanings in different contexts (e.g., to take/undergo certain things), but in this sentence it’s straightforwardly drink.

Why is there no word for to or that after ya ce?

Hausa doesn’t require an explicit to/that the way English often does. The structure is simply:

• X ya ce + (clause/instruction)

So Likita ya ce a sha ruwa… naturally covers The doctor said (that) … / The doctor said (to) … depending on context.

What is a hankali, and why is there another a there?

a hankali means slowly / gently / carefully.

The a here is a different common Hausa marker used before certain nouns to create an adverbial phrase (roughly in/with):

• a hankali = with calmness/care → slowly/carefully Similar patterns include:
• a gida = at home
• a yanzu = now (at this time)

Where can a hankali go in the sentence? Is the word order fixed?

The most natural placement is after the object:

• a sha ruwa a hankali = drink water slowly

You may also hear slight variations, but moving a hankali earlier can sound marked or less natural. The given order is the standard, neutral one for this meaning.