Questions & Answers about Domin in cim ma burina, na ɗauki ƙuduri in yi karatu kullum.
Here is a rough segmentation and gloss:
- Domin – for / in order that / because
- in – I (subjunctive form: “that I …”)
- cim – reach, attain
- ma – also / even (here part of the idiom “achieve (one’s goal)”)
- burina – my wish / my goal (buri = wish/ambition, -na = my)
- na – I (1st person singular, perfective)
- ɗauki – take (here: “take, adopt”)
- ƙuduri – firm decision, resolution, determination
- in – I (subjunctive again)
- yi – do, make
- karatu – reading, study, learning
- kullum – every day / always
Very literal sense:
Domin in cim ma burina, na ɗauki ƙuduri in yi karatu kullum.
= “For that I may also reach my goal, I took a resolution that I do study every day.”
Idiomatic English: “In order to achieve my goal, I resolved to study every day.”
domin is a conjunction that often means:
- “in order to / in order that” (purpose)
- “because” (reason), depending on context
In this sentence it clearly expresses purpose:
- Domin in cim ma burina
→ “In order that I may achieve my goal / So that I can achieve my goal”
Comparisons:
- don – basically a shortened form; in everyday speech don and domin often alternate, especially before verbs in the subjunctive:
- Don in cim ma burina… – also acceptable in many contexts.
- saboda – more straightforwardly “because / due to / on account of” (reason). It can sometimes introduce purpose, but domin is more classic for “so that / in order to”:
- Saboda in cim ma burina… – usually heard as “Because I want to achieve my goal…” rather than “in order to”.
So: here domin is best understood as “in order that / so that”.
No. Hausa in here is not the English preposition “in”. It is the 1st‑person singular subjunctive subject form.
In the subjunctive (used after purpose words like domin, after verbs like “want”, “decide”, etc.), the 1st‑person singular is in:
- in cim – “that I (should) achieve”
- in yi – “that I (should) do”
Subject set in the subjunctive (presenting just the relevant part):
- 1sg: in – that I …
- 2sg.m: ka – that you (m) …
- 2sg.f: ki – that you (f) …
- 3sg.m: ya – that he …
- 3sg.f: ta – that she …
- etc.
So in this sentence:
- Domin in cim ma burina = “So that I may achieve my goal”
- …na ɗauki ƙuduri in yi karatu kullum = “I made a resolution to study every day (lit. that I do study every day)”
Do not associate this in with English “in”; it is a verb‑related subject marker.
The verb cim means “to reach / to attain / to touch”.
The particle ma usually means “also / even”, and it often appears in idiomatic expressions.
In the expression cim ma buri / cim ma burin mutum, speakers often use cim ma (sometimes written together as cimma) with the meaning:
- “to achieve / to actually attain one’s goal, wish, ambition”
So:
- in cim buri – would be understood as “that I reach (my) goal”
- in cim ma buri(na) – more idiomatic as “that I really achieve / fulfill my goal”
In writing you’ll see both:
- cim ma (two words)
- cimma (one word)
Functionally here, cim ma burina means “achieve my goal”, where ma gives the sense of really / actually manage to. It’s an idiomatic collocation, so it’s good to remember cim ma buri as a chunk.
burina is made of:
- buri – wish, aim, ambition, hope, goal
- -na – “my” (1st‑person singular possessive suffix)
In Hausa, possessive pronouns are often attached directly to nouns as suffixes:
- buri – wish/goal
- burina – my wish / my goal
- burinka – your (m.sg) wish
- burinki – your (f.sg) wish
- burinsa – his wish
- burinta – her wish
So burina literally is “wish‑my”, but it functions exactly like English “my wish / my goal”.
Yes, this is perfective aspect with 1st‑person singular subject:
- na – 1sg subject in perfective (often corresponds to English simple past or present perfect)
- ɗauki – take
- ƙuduri – firm decision, resolution, determination (a somewhat formal word, from Arabic origin)
So:
- na ɗauki ƙuduri
literally: “I took a resolution / I took a firm decision”
idiomatically: “I resolved / I made up my mind / I have made a resolution”
Notes:
- Hausa perfective na ɗauki can translate as either:
- “I took” (simple past), or
- “I have taken / I have made” (present perfect), depending on context. Here English usually says “I resolved / I have made a resolution”.
- A more everyday alternative is:
- na yanke shawara – “I made a decision”.
But na ɗauki ƙuduri sounds stronger, more like “I have firmly resolved”.
karatu is a verbal noun meaning:
- reading
- study
- learning, schooling
On its own, karatu is a noun (“study, reading”). To turn it into an action “to study / to read (for learning)”, Hausa usually combines it with yi (“to do, to make”):
- yi karatu – literally “do study” → study / read / do schoolwork
So:
- in yi karatu – “that I (should) study / that I do studying”
- in yi karatu kullum – “that I (should) study every day”
This yi + verbal noun pattern is very common:
- yi aiki – do work
- yi wanka – take a bath
- yi addu’a – pray
- yi hira – chat, converse
So yi karatu is the natural way to say “to study” in Hausa.
kullum means:
- “every day”
- by extension, “always / all the time” in some contexts
In this sentence:
- in yi karatu kullum – “that I study every day”
Position:
- It most naturally comes after the verb phrase:
- in yi karatu kullum – very natural
- It can sometimes appear earlier for emphasis or style:
- kullum in yi karatu – “every day I should study”
- in kullum ina yi karatu – with a different structure, “that I am studying every day”
But in the given sentence, kullum at the end of the verb phrase is the default and most natural position: “…in yi karatu kullum.”
The two in each belong to a different verb in the subjunctive:
Domin in cim ma burina
- in cim – that I achieve (my goal)
This in is required because domin (“in order that”) triggers the subjunctive.
- in cim – that I achieve (my goal)
na ɗauki ƙuduri in yi karatu kullum
- in yi – that I do / that I study
Here in is part of the clause that depends on ƙuduri (“resolution”): - “I made a resolution to study every day”
= “I took a resolution that I should study every day” → hence subjunctive in again.
- in yi – that I do / that I study
Can you drop one?
- You cannot drop the first in if you keep domin; you need a verb with a subject:
- ✗ Domin cim ma burina… – ungrammatical / very odd.
- The second in is also needed because it marks the 1sg subject in the subjunctive clause after ƙuduri:
- ✗ na ɗauki ƙuduri yi karatu kullum – sounds wrong; the subject marker is missing.
So both in forms are necessary because they introduce two separate 1sg‑subjunctive verb phrases: one after domin, one governed by ƙuduri.
Yes. The original sentence is quite clear and natural, but you could say something slightly simpler or more colloquial, for example:
Don in cim ma burina, na yanke shawara in yi karatu kullum.
- don instead of domin (more colloquial)
- na yanke shawara instead of na ɗauki ƙuduri (more everyday wording)
Saboda ina so in cim ma burina, na yanke shawara in yi karatu kullum.
- more explicit about desire: saboda ina so – “because I want to…”
Very simple, two sentences:
- Ina so in cim ma burina. Na yanke shawara in yi karatu kullum.
“I want to achieve my goal. I’ve decided to study every day.”
- Ina so in cim ma burina. Na yanke shawara in yi karatu kullum.
All of these keep the same basic meaning while adjusting formality and structure.