Learn Hardcore Hausa: Ni na amince da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo. - I agreed with the plan that the teacher wrote on the blackboard.

Na amince da shirin… = I agreed with the plan… (neutral).
Ni na amince da shirin… = I am the one who agreed with the plan… (emphasis on I, maybe contrasting with others who didn’t).

You normally can’t drop na; you can sometimes drop Ni (if you don’t want emphasis).

Could we say just Na amince da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo without Ni? Does the meaning change?

Yes, that is perfectly correct:

Na amince da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo.

The core meaning (I agreed with the plan the teacher wrote on the board) is the same, but:

With Ni na amince… → emphasis on I.
With Na amince… → simple, neutral statement.

So Ni is optional here and is mainly for focus/contrast.

What exactly does amince da mean? Why do we need da after amince?

The verb amince means something like to agree / to accept / to approve.

In Hausa, amince normally takes its object with the preposition da:

amince da X = to agree with / accept / approve (of) X

So:

amince da shirin = to agree with the plan / to accept the plan

Here, the first da is just a preposition meaning with, required by the verb amince. It is not the same da as the one that introduces the relative clause later in the sentence.

There are two da’s in the sentence. Are they the same word?

They are spelled the same but function differently.

amince da shirin
- Here da is a preposition meaning with.
- amince da X = agree with X / accept X.
shirin da malami ya rubuta…
- Here da is a relative word meaning that / which / who.
- shirin da malami ya rubuta = the plan that the teacher wrote.

So:

First da → preposition (with).
Second da → relative connector (that / which).

What does shirin mean, and why is there an -n at the end instead of just shiri?

The base noun is shiri = plan, program, preparation.

The -n on the end in shirin is a suffix that often marks:

Definiteness (something like the plan), or
Genitive/connecting form when the noun is linked to something after it.

In the phrase shirin da malami ya rubuta:

shiri
- -n → shirin
Followed by the relative da → shirin da…

You can understand shirin da malami ya rubuta as:

the plan that the teacher wrote

So shirin here is effectively the plan, not just a plan.

What role does da malami ya rubuta play in the sentence?

da malami ya rubuta is part of a relative clause that describes shirin:

shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo
= the plan that the teacher wrote on the board

Breakdown:

shirin = the plan
da = that/which (relative marker)
malami = (the) teacher
ya rubuta = he wrote
a kan allo = on the board

So the whole relative clause da malami ya rubuta a kan allo specifies which plan is meant.

Why is it malami ya rubuta, not something like malami ne ya rubuta?

In a basic relative clause like this, Hausa typically uses:

[noun] + ya/ta [verb] for [noun] that/who [verb-ed]

Here:

malami = teacher
ya = 3rd person masculine singular subject marker (he)
rubuta = wrote

So malami ya rubuta = the teacher wrote / that the teacher wrote.

Adding ne/ce (like malami ne ya rubuta) would introduce an extra focus structure and change the nuance; it’s not needed for a normal relative clause here.

What tense or aspect is expressed by ya rubuta?

ya rubuta is the perfective form of the verb rubuta (to write).

ya rubuta roughly = he wrote / he has written

Key points:

No extra tense ending is added; the perfective is often the bare verb form after the subject marker.
The context often decides whether English should use wrote, has written, or did write.

In this sentence, da malami ya rubuta a kan allo is best understood as:

that the teacher wrote on the board (completed action).

Why is it ya rubuta and not ya rubuto or something else?

The verb is rubuta (to write). Its perfective 3rd person masculine singular is:

ya rubuta (he wrote)

Hausa verbs don’t usually change their final vowel in the perfective 3rd person; instead, aspect and person are indicated mainly by:

the subject marker (here ya), and
the verb form (here the perfective stem rubuta).

So ya rubuta is the standard, correct form for he wrote.

What does a kan allo mean exactly? Is a kan one word or two?

a kan is written as two words here:

a = preposition in / at / on (very general)
kan = top / surface / on top of

Together, a kan = on (the surface of), i.e. on.

allo = board (e.g. blackboard / whiteboard)

So:

a kan allo = on the board

You may also see it written as akan in some texts; in many contexts a kan and akan are used interchangeably in modern writing, especially with the meaning on / about, though some speakers keep a kan more literally on top of.

Does malami mean a teacher or the teacher? There’s no word for the here.

Hausa usually does not use a separate word for the or a. Instead, definiteness is understood from:

context,
suffixes (like the -n in shirin), or
prior mention.

In da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo:

malami will normally be understood as the teacher (the one both speaker and listener know about, e.g. the classroom teacher).

If you needed to say a teacher in a context where it really matters, you would often rely on broader context or add something extra (like wani malami = a certain teacher).

Is Ni na amince da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo a complete sentence by itself?

Yes, it is a fully complete sentence:

Ni na amince = I (am the one who) agreed
da shirin = with the plan
da malami ya rubuta a kan allo = that the teacher wrote on the board

Altogether:

Ni na amince da shirin da malami ya rubuta a kan allo.
= I am the one who agreed with the plan that the teacher wrote on the board.

Can I replace amince da with something like yarda da here?

Yes, in many contexts amince da and yarda da are close in meaning:

amince da shirin ≈ yarda da shirin

Both can mean to agree with / accept the plan, though:

amince da often has a nuance of approve, officially accept, consent to.
yarda da is often more believe / trust / agree with.

In this sentence, Ni na amince da shirin… is very natural; Ni na yarda da shirin… would also be understandable but may sound slightly different in nuance depending on context.