Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.

I will take my book from the bag now.

Breakdown of Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.

• ni: I
• yanzu: now
• littafi: the book
• daga: from
• na: my
• jaka: the bag
• ɗauki: to take

Questions & Answers about Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.

What does each word literally mean in this sentence?

Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.

Word by word:

• Ni – I (independent pronoun)
• zan – I will / future marker for I (contraction of za
  • ni)
• ɗauki – take, pick up
• littafi – book
• na – my (possessive pronoun)
• daga – from / out of
• jaka – bag
• yanzu – now

So the literal structure is: I will take book my from bag now.

Why do we have both Ni and zan? Isn’t zan already “I will”?

Yes, zan already contains the meaning “I (will)”.

• zan = za (future) + ni (I) fused together.

Adding Ni in front:

• Ni zan ɗauki littafi na…

adds emphasis or contrast, something like:

• “Me, I will take my book from the bag now.”
• or “I’m the one who will take my book now (not someone else).”

You can also say:

• Zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.

This is perfectly correct and often more neutral. Ni is optional and mainly used for emphasis, focus, or contrast.

What exactly does zan express? Is it always future?

zan is the future tense marker for 1st person singular:

• zan = I will / I’m going to

It usually indicates future time, either:

• near future: “I’m about to take my book now.”
• general future: “I will take my book (at some time in the future).”

Other persons follow the same pattern:

• za ka – you (m.sg) will
• za ki – you (f.sg) will
• zai – he will
• za ta – she will
• za mu – we will
• za ku – you (pl) will
• za su – they will

So zan ɗauki… is always future, but the exact “when” is clarified by context and words like yanzu (now), gobe (tomorrow), etc.

Why is the verb ɗauki here and not ɗauka?

Hausa verbs often have different forms depending on tense/aspect.

For this verb:

• Dictionary/“basic” form is often given as ɗauka – to take, to pick up.
• With the future marker (like zan) you use the incomplete/imperfective stem, which here is ɗauki.

So:

• Na ɗauka littafi na. – I took my book. (completed action, past)
• Zan ɗauki littafi na. – I will take my book. (future)

As a learner, it’s fine to memorize:

• ɗauka – base form / past
• ɗauki – form that appears after zan / za ka / za su, etc.

You don’t say *zan ɗauka in this context; the normal future form is zan ɗauki.

How does possession work in littafi na? Can I also say littafina for “my book”?

Yes, both forms exist in Hausa.

1. Attached possessive pronoun:

   • littafina – my book (one word)
   • littafinka – your (m.sg) book
   • littafinta – her book
   • etc.

2. Separate possessive pronoun:

   • littafi na – my book
   • littafi naka – your (m.sg) book
   • littafi nata – her book
   • etc.

So:

• littafi na and littafina both mean “my book.”

Differences:

• The attached form (littafina) is very common and slightly more compact.
• The separate form (littafi na) can sound a little more careful / emphatic / clear, depending on context and dialect.

In your sentence, littafi na is perfectly normal and means “my book.”

Does na in littafi na always mean “my”, or can it also mean “of”?

In this sentence, na clearly functions as “my” (possessive pronoun for “I”):

• littafi na – my book (literally: book of-me)

Elsewhere, na can also be:

1. A genitive/linker meaning roughly “of”, agreeing with a masculine singular noun:

   • mutum na gari – a good/upright man (literally: man of goodness)
   • sabon littafi na Hausa – a new book of Hausa

2. Part of other possessive and genitive structures (like nawa, naka, etc.).

So:

• In littafi na, you can think of na as “of me” = “my.”
• Context tells you whether na is functioning as “my” or just as a linker “of.”

Why do we say daga jaka for “out of the bag”? Isn’t daga just “from”?

Yes, daga basically means “from”, but in Hausa it covers meanings like:

• from
• out of / away from
• since (for time, in some contexts)

In motion contexts, daga often corresponds to English “from / out of”:

• Zan fito daga gida. – I’ll come out of the house.
• Ka cire shi daga jaka. – Take it out of the bag.

So daga jaka fits both:

• from the bag
• out of the bag

English sometimes distinguishes “from” and “out of,” but Hausa daga handles both, with the idea of movement away from a place or container.

How would I say “from my bag” or “from the bag we already mentioned”?

To specify the bag more clearly:

1. “from my bag”

   • daga jakata – from my bag
     (attached possessive)
   • daga jaka ta – from my bag
     (separate possessive; also very common)

2. “from the bag (we already know about)” Context often makes jaka definite without extra words. But you can make it more clearly “that bag”:

   • daga jakar nan – from that bag / from this (particular) bag
   • daga jakar da muka ambata – from the bag that we mentioned

So your sentence could become, for example:

• Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jakata yanzu.
  I will take my book from my bag now.

Where can yanzu go in the sentence? Must it be at the end?

yanzu (now) is flexible. All of these are grammatical:

1. Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.
   – neutral; “now” at the end (very common).

2. Yanzu zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka.
   – emphasizes “now” a bit more: Now I’ll take my book from the bag.

3. Ni yanzu zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka.
   – “I, now, will take my book from the bag,” focus on both I and now.

So yanzu does not have to be at the end, but putting it last is very natural and common in everyday speech.

Is the word order fixed as Subject–Future marker–Verb–Object–Preposition–Time?

The basic order in simple Hausa clauses is:

• Subject – (Tense/Aspect marker) – Verb – Objects/Complements – (Time/Place adverbs)

Your sentence:

• Ni (Subject)
• zan (Future marker)
• ɗauki (Verb)
• littafi na (Object)
• daga jaka (Prepositional phrase: from bag)
• yanzu (Time adverb: now)

That’s a very typical order. However, Hausa allows some fronting / reordering for focus, for example:

• Littafi na zan ɗauka daga jaka yanzu.
  My book is what I’ll take from the bag now (focus on “my book”).

So there is a default order, but elements (especially subject, object, and time words) can be moved for emphasis.

Can this sentence also express a plan (“I’m going to take my book from the bag”) rather than an immediate action?

Yes. zan covers a range of future meanings, similar to English “will” or “going to”.

With yanzu (now), it usually suggests immediate or very near future:

• Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka yanzu.
  → I’m going to take my book from the bag now / I’ll take my book from the bag now.

But in the right context, zan alone can mean:

• a decision/plan: “I’m going to…”
• a prediction: “I will…”

If you remove yanzu, it becomes more general future:

• Ni zan ɗauki littafi na daga jaka.
  – I will / I’m going to take my book from the bag. (time depends on context)

How would the sentence change for past or present continuous instead of future?

Using the same idea (“take my book from the bag”), you could say:

1. Past (completed): “I took my book from the bag.”

   • Na ɗauki littafi na daga jaka.
     • Na – I (past/completed marker)
     • ɗauki – took
   • You usually drop Ni here; Na already means “I (did).”

2. Present continuous / progressive: “I am taking my book from the bag.”

   • Ina ɗaukar littafi na daga jaka.
     • Ina – I am (progressive marker)
     • ɗaukar – (the “-ing” form / verbal noun of ɗauki)
   • With yanzu for extra clarity:
     • Ina ɗaukar littafi na daga jaka yanzu.
       – I am (right now) taking my book from the bag.

So, roughly:

• Zan ɗauki… – I will take / I’m going to take…
• Na ɗauki… – I took / I have taken…
• Ina ɗaukar… – I am taking…