Shi yana da ruwa.

He has water.

Breakdown of Shi yana da ruwa.

• shi: he
• ruwa: the water
• da: to have

Questions & Answers about Shi yana da ruwa.

Why do we use da in Shi yana da ruwa?

In Hausa, da helps express possession when paired with the verb phrase yana. Literally, it can be seen as He is with water, but functionally it means He has water.

Can yana da be replaced by another phrase to mean he has?

Yes. Another way to say he has water could be akwai ruwa a wurinsa (literally, there is water at his place). However, yana da ruwa is more direct and idiomatic for possession.

Why do we use Shi at the start if the sentence is already about him?

In Hausa, pronouns like Shi (he) are often included for clarity or emphasis, especially at the beginning of a sentence. Omitting Shi is possible in some contexts (e.g., Yana da ruwa can stand alone), but including it makes the reference to the person explicit.

Is yana the present tense form?

Yes. Yana comes from the continuous aspect of the verb (na) in Hausa, typically marking an ongoing or present situation. When combined with da, it expresses the idea of currently having something.

Does ruwa only mean water, or can it have other meanings?

Ruwa most commonly means water, but in certain contexts it can also refer to liquids or fluid in general (e.g., ruwan lemu for orange juice). In this sentence, though, it straightforwardly means water.