Amfanin gona yana kasuwa.

It is a noun + noun expression.

• gona = farm, field, cultivation
• amfanin is the linked form of amfani

As a whole, amfanin gona is a common expression meaning farm produce, crops, harvest, agricultural produce. It is best learned as a set phrase, because the exact literal breakdown is less important than the full meaning.

The final -n is a linker used when a noun is connected to another noun. It often works a bit like English of.

So amfanin gona is roughly like the produce of the farm or farm produce.

This kind of linking is very common in Hausa noun phrases.

Not always. On its own, amfani often means use or benefit. But in expressions like amfanin gona, it has the sense of produce, yield, output.

So this is a good example of why it helps to learn some Hausa noun combinations as whole expressions, not only word by word.

Here, yana is the form used for a third-person masculine singular subject in a present/state/location type of sentence.

In this sentence, it works a lot like English it is.

So you can think of it as marking that amfanin gona is currently in that state or location.

Because this is grammatical gender, not natural gender.

In Hausa, nouns are grouped grammatically, and many non-human things take either masculine or feminine agreement. So even though crops are not biologically male, amfanin gona takes masculine singular agreement here, which is why the sentence uses yana.

In Hausa, after forms like yana, a place noun can often come directly.

So yana kasuwa naturally means is at the market / is in the market.

English normally needs a preposition there, but Hausa often does not. If you want to be more specific, Hausa can use fuller location expressions such as cikin kasuwa for inside the market.

Hausa does not use to be in the same way English does.

In a sentence like this, yana does much of the work that English is does in a location sentence. So instead of looking for a separate word exactly equal to English is, it is better to learn this whole pattern as a normal Hausa way to say that something is somewhere.

Because amfanin gona can be treated as a collective or mass noun, much like English produce.

English also does this:

• The produce is fresh not
• The produce are fresh

So even if the phrase refers to many actual items, Hausa can still treat it as singular here, which is why yana is used instead of a plural form such as suna.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Hausa does not have articles that match English a/an/the exactly. So kasuwa by itself can be understood as:

• market
• a market
• the market

The context tells you which meaning is intended.

The structure is:

subject + agreement/aspect form + place

So here:

• Amfanin gona = subject
• yana = agreement/present-location form
• kasuwa = place

That is a very common Hausa sentence pattern.