Kamfas yana da amfani.

• Kamfas is the subject.
• yana is the marker that agrees with a masculine singular subject.
• da literally means with and is also used in have-type expressions.
• amfani is a noun meaning use, usefulness, benefit.

So the structure is literally something like The compass has usefulness, which is how Hausa expresses The compass is useful.

Because kamfas is being treated as a masculine singular noun.

In Hausa, nouns have grammatical gender, even when they refer to things, not people. With a masculine singular noun, you get yana in this kind of sentence. With a feminine singular noun, you would expect tana instead.

Yes. In Hausa, forms like yana are used for anything grammatically masculine singular, including objects.

So in this sentence, yana is not implying that the compass is male in a real-world sense. It is just normal grammatical agreement.

Not really. English speakers often notice yana and think of something progressive like is doing, but in a sentence like this it is just the normal way to express a present state.

So Kamfas yana da amfani means the compass is useful, not necessarily that it is only useful at this exact moment.

Because Hausa often expresses qualities with a structure that literally means to have something.

So:

• yana da amfani = literally it has usefulness
• natural English = it is useful

This is a very common pattern in Hausa. English often uses an adjective where Hausa uses da + noun.

No, amfani is basically a noun, not a plain adjective.

It means use, usefulness, benefit. Hausa is using a noun-based expression here:

• da amfani = with usefulness / useful

That is why the sentence does not work like a simple English adjective sentence.

Because Hausa does not use articles the way English does.

So kamfas can mean:

• a compass
• the compass
• sometimes just compass in a general sense

The exact meaning depends on context, not on a separate article word.

Because this sentence is not using the X is Y pattern that takes ne/ce.

A learner might expect something like ... ne, especially after seeing sentences such as Wannan littafi ne. But yana da amfani is a different structure. It is built with yana da ..., so you do not add ne or ce at the end.

You would say:

Kamfas ba shi da amfani.

Notice that the pattern changes:

• positive: yana da
• negative: ba shi da

Because kamfas is masculine singular, the negative form is ba shi da. With a feminine singular noun, you would use ba ta da.

You can say:

Kamfas yana da amfani sosai.

Here sosai means very or very much.

So:

• yana da amfani = is useful
• yana da amfani sosai = is very useful