Ranar haihuwarta tana cikin fayil.

A helpful breakdown is:

• ranar = day of ... / the day ...
  This is from rana (day) in a linking form.
• haihuwarta = her birth
  From haihuwa (birth) + -ta (her).
• tana = it is / it is located
  More literally, a feminine singular subject marker used here in a present-state sentence.
• cikin = in / inside
• fayil = file

So the literal structure is:

• the day of her birth is in the file

That is why the natural English meaning is something like Her date of birth is in the file.

Because rana is followed by another noun phrase, Hausa puts it into a linking or construct form.

• rana = day
• ranar haihuwa = day of birth

That final -r is very common when a noun links to what comes after it. So ranar haihuwarta means the day of her birth.

Haihuwarta means her birth.

It can be analyzed as:

• haihuwa = birth
• -r- = a linker used before what follows
• -ta = her

So:

• haihuwarta = her birth

In the larger phrase:

• ranar haihuwarta = the day of her birth = her birthday / her date of birth, depending on context

No. They look similar, but they do different jobs.

• In haihuwarta, -ta is a possessive suffix: her
• In tana, ta- is part of the subject marker for a feminine singular subject

So:

• haihuwarta = her birth
• tana = it is / she is, depending on the subject

They are not the same kind of ta.

In many cases, yes, tana can mean she is. But here it is agreeing with ranar, not with the woman whose birth is being mentioned.

The subject of the sentence is:

• ranar haihuwarta = her date of birth

The head noun there is rana (day), and rana is a feminine noun in Hausa. Because of that, the sentence uses tana.

So here tana cikin fayil means:

• is in the file
• more literally, is located in the file

Not necessarily. This is a very common point of confusion.

The agreement is with ranar (day), which is the grammatical subject, not with the person being referred to by her.

So even though -ta in haihuwarta means her, the tana is feminine because rana is feminine as a noun.

In other words:

• her affects haihuwarta
• day affects tana

Cikin means in or inside.

So:

• cikin fayil = in the file

You can think of it as expressing location. In this sentence, it tells you where the date of birth is found.

Not as a separate standalone word in this structure.

English says:

• Her date of birth is in the file

Hausa often expresses this kind of idea with a subject marker plus a location phrase:

• tana cikin fayil

So instead of a separate word exactly matching English is, Hausa uses this grammatical pattern to convey is located in.

Yes. Literally, it means the day of her birth.

Depending on context, that can be understood as:

• her birthday
• her date of birth

In this sentence, because it says in the file, English usually prefers date of birth. In a conversation about parties or celebrations, birthday would feel more natural.

Because Hausa normally puts the main noun first and then the noun or phrase that defines it.

So:

• ranar haihuwarta = the day of her birth

This is similar to day of birth, not birth’s day in English word order.

The head noun is:

• ranar = day

And the following phrase tells you which day:

• haihuwarta = her birth

It can mean either, depending on context.

Hausa does not have a direct equivalent of English articles like a and the in the same way English uses them. So:

• fayil can be a file
• fayil can also be the file

The context tells you which is intended. In many real situations, if both speaker and listener already know which file is being discussed, English would translate it as the file.

It is a borrowed word, ultimately from English file.

That is very normal in Hausa, especially for modern or administrative vocabulary. So learners should not be surprised to see words like fayil that resemble English in form or meaning.

You would replace haihuwarta (her birth) with haihuwarsa (his birth):

• Ranar haihuwarsa tana cikin fayil.

The rest of the sentence stays the same because the subject is still ranar (day), which is feminine and still requires tana.