Η σαμπρέλα ξεφουσκώνει.

η is the feminine singular form of the definite article, so here it means the.

It is used because σαμπρέλα is a feminine singular noun. In Greek, the article has to match the noun’s gender, number, and case.

So:

• η = feminine singular the
• σαμπρέλα = a feminine singular noun

That is why you get η σαμπρέλα.

Because Greek nouns have grammatical gender, and σαμπρέλα belongs to the feminine gender.

This does not necessarily mean the object itself is feminine in any real-world sense. It is just a grammar category. English mostly does not do this with ordinary nouns, so it can feel unfamiliar at first.

A useful clue is that many Greek nouns ending in -α are feminine, and σαμπρέλα follows that common pattern.

A good approximation is sam-BRE-la.

A few pronunciation points:

• σ = s
• α = a
• μπ in the middle of a word is usually pronounced like b, though some speakers give it a slight mb feel
• ρ is a rolled or tapped r
• the stress is on -ρέ-

So the stressed syllable is BRE: sam-BRE-la.

A rough pronunciation is kse-foo-SKO-nee.

Breakdown:

• ξ = ks
• ε = e
• φ = f
• ου = oo
• σκ = sk
• ώ shows the stressed syllable
• ει here sounds like ee

So the stress falls on -σκώ-: kse-foo-SKO-nee.

The dictionary form is ξεφουσκώνω.

In the sentence, ξεφουσκώνει is the third person singular present form, used because the subject is η σαμπρέλα = one inner tube.

So:

• ξεφουσκώνω = I deflate / I am deflating, or the basic dictionary form
• ξεφουσκώνει = it deflates / it is deflating

Yes.

Greek present tense often covers both meanings that English separates into:

• deflates
• is deflating

So Η σαμπρέλα ξεφουσκώνει could mean:

• The inner tube deflates
• The inner tube is deflating
• The inner tube is going flat

The exact English translation depends on context.

Because Greek does not need a separate auxiliary verb here the way English does in is deflating.

English often uses:

• is + verb-ing

Greek usually just uses one present-tense verb form:

• ξεφουσκώνει

That single word already contains the idea of deflates / is deflating.

In many words, ξε- gives a sense of:

• undoing
• reversing
• removing
• coming out of a state

Here that helps explain the relationship between:

• φουσκώνω = inflate, swell
• ξεφουσκώνω = deflate, go flat

So ξε- helps create the idea of air coming out, or the opposite of inflating.

Because it is agreeing with a third person singular subject.

The subject is η σαμπρέλα, which is singular, so the verb is singular too:

• η σαμπρέλα ξεφουσκώνει = the inner tube is deflating

If the subject were plural, the verb would change:

• Οι σαμπρέλες ξεφουσκώνουν = the inner tubes are deflating

So the ending helps show who or what is doing the action.

Yes, they matter because they show where the stress goes.

In this sentence:

• σαμπρέλα is stressed on ρέ
• ξεφουσκώνει is stressed on σκώ

Stress is important in Greek pronunciation. If you put the stress in the wrong place, the word may sound unnatural, and sometimes stress can even distinguish different words or forms.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

The most neutral version here is:

• Η σαμπρέλα ξεφουσκώνει.

But you could also say:

• Ξεφουσκώνει η σαμπρέλα.

That version may sound more like you are emphasizing the action or introducing what is happening.

Because Greek marks relationships through articles and verb endings more clearly than English does, it can move words around more easily.