Το φάντασμα είναι έξω.

το is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• το φάντασμα = the ghost

Greek articles change depending on gender, number, and case. Here, φάντασμα is a neuter singular noun, so the article is το.

It is neuter.

You can tell because it takes the neuter article το:

• το φάντασμα = the ghost

Many Greek neuter nouns end in -μα, and φάντασμα is one of them.

είναι means is here.

It is the 3rd person singular form of the verb είμαι = to be.

So:

• Το φάντασμα είναι έξω. = The ghost is outside.

The same form είναι can also mean are in other contexts, because Greek uses the same form for he/she/it is and they are.

έξω is usually an adverb, meaning outside or out.

In this sentence:

• είναι έξω = is outside

So it describes where the ghost is.

You will also see έξω in expressions like:

• Περίμενε έξω. = Wait outside.
• Βγες έξω. = Go out / Go outside.

Greek often uses έξω by itself where English uses outside.

For example:

• Είναι έξω. = He/She/It is outside.

If you want to be more specific, Greek can also use a phrase like:

• είναι έξω από το σπίτι = is outside the house

So έξω can stand alone, or it can be expanded with more detail.

Yes, Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The most neutral order here is:

• Το φάντασμα είναι έξω.

But Greek can also change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Έξω είναι το φάντασμα.
  This can emphasize outside or sound marked/contrastive.

For a beginner, the safest pattern is:

• subject + είναι + location/description

So this sentence is a very standard structure.

In standard Greek, yes, if you are making a full sentence like The ghost is outside, you normally use είναι.

So:

• Το φάντασμα είναι έξω. = correct standard sentence

In casual speech, Greeks may sometimes omit words in very informal contexts, but learners should definitely keep είναι here.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide is:

• to FAN-da-sma EE-ne EK-so

A few notes:

• φ sounds like f
• ντ here sounds like nd
• αι in είναι sounds like e
• ξ sounds like ks
• The stressed syllables are marked with accents:
  • φάντασμα → ΦΑΝ
  • είναι → ΕΙ
  • έξω → ΕΞ

Greek uses accent marks to show the stressed syllable in many words.

So:

• φάντασμα → stress on φάν
• έξω → stress on έξ

But το is a very short unstressed function word, so it does not take an accent here.

Accent marks are important in Greek because they help with pronunciation and sometimes distinguish words.

No. το φάντασμα specifically means the ghost.

If you want to say a ghost, Greek usually uses:

• ένα φάντασμα

So:

• το φάντασμα = the ghost
• ένα φάντασμα = a ghost

Since φάντασμα is neuter, the indefinite article is ένα.

Normally, no, not in the basic meaning The ghost is outside.

Greek uses the article very often, and with a noun like this you would normally say:

• Το φάντασμα είναι έξω.

Leaving out the article would sound unusual here and would change the feel of the sentence, possibly making it sound incomplete, poetic, or context-dependent.

Yes. το φάντασμα is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

The sentence breaks down like this:

• Το φάντασμα = subject
• είναι = verb
• έξω = adverb of location

Because φάντασμα is the thing that is outside, it appears in the nominative.

The plural is:

• τα φαντάσματα = the ghosts

So the full sentence would become:

• Τα φαντάσματα είναι έξω. = The ghosts are outside.

Notice:

• το → τα
• φάντασμα → φαντάσματα
• είναι stays the same

That last point is important: είναι can mean both is and are, depending on the subject.

Mostly, yes, it usually means outside / out in a physical sense.

In this sentence, it clearly means location:

• The ghost is outside.

But in other contexts, έξω can also be used in expressions that mean things like out more generally, depending on the verb:

• βγήκε έξω = went out
• είμαι έξω από αυτό = literally I’m outside of this, sometimes meaning I’m not involved in this

For this sentence, though, you should understand it simply as outside.

Yes, pretty closely:

• Το = the
• φάντασμα = ghost
• είναι = is
• έξω = outside

So the word-for-word translation is essentially:

• The ghost is outside.

That makes this a very straightforward beginner sentence.