Εξάλλου, η εταιρεία έχει τα έγγραφα.

Εξάλλου is a linking word or discourse marker. Depending on context, it can mean things like:

• besides
• after all
• anyway
• in any case

In this sentence, it adds a sense like besides or after all. It helps connect this sentence to something said before.

Because Εξάλλου is being used as an introductory adverb/discourse marker.

Greek often separates this kind of word with a comma, just as English often does with words like however, besides, or after all.

So:

• Εξάλλου, η εταιρεία έχει τα έγγραφα.

feels like:

• Besides, the company has the documents.

η εταιρεία is the subject of the sentence.

• η = the for a feminine singular noun in the nominative case
• εταιρεία = company

So η εταιρεία means the company, and it is the thing doing the action of the verb.

In Greek, every noun has a grammatical gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter.

εταιρεία is simply a feminine noun, so it takes feminine forms such as:

• η εταιρεία = the company
• της εταιρείας = of the company
• την εταιρεία = the company (object)

This grammatical gender does not mean the company is literally female. It is just part of how the noun behaves in Greek grammar.

έχει is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb έχω = to have.

So:

• έχω = I have
• έχεις = you have
• έχει = he/she/it has

Since η εταιρεία is singular, the verb must also be singular, so έχει is the correct form.

Greek uses the definite article very regularly, often more than English does.

Here:

• η εταιρεία = the company
• τα έγγραφα = the documents

The article must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

So:

• η matches εταιρεία: feminine, singular, nominative
• τα matches έγγραφα: neuter, plural, accusative here

• η εταιρεία is in the nominative, because it is the subject.
• τα έγγραφα is in the accusative, because it is the direct object of έχει.

So the structure is:

• subject: η εταιρεία
• verb: έχει
• object: τα έγγραφα

This is a very common Greek sentence pattern.

Because τα έγγραφα is plural.

• το έγγραφο = the document
• τα έγγραφα = the documents

The noun έγγραφο is neuter, so its plural article is τα.

This is one of the common neuter patterns in Greek:

• singular: το ...
• plural: τα ...

This word order is the most neutral and straightforward one:

• η εταιρεία έχει τα έγγραφα

Greek word order is more flexible than English word order, because the articles and endings give grammatical information.

But changing the order can change the emphasis.

For example:

• Η εταιρεία έχει τα έγγραφα.
  Neutral: the company has the documents.

• Τα έγγραφα τα έχει η εταιρεία.
  Emphasis on the documents or on the company as the one who has them.

So the original sentence is a normal, unmarked way to say it.

Because Greek verbs already show the person and number.

έχει already means he/she/it has, so Greek usually does not need to add a subject pronoun.

Instead of saying something like it has, Greek simply uses:

• έχει

If the speaker wants to make the subject clear, they use the noun itself:

• η εταιρεία έχει

This is very normal in Greek.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

Eksállou, i etería éhi ta éngrafa.

A few notes:

• ξ sounds like ks
• η sounds like ee
• χ in έχει is not an English h exactly; it is a softer sound, like the ch in German ich
• γγ in έγγραφα sounds like ngg

The stress falls on:

• Εξάλλου
• εταιρεία
• έχει
• έγγραφα

Yes. If you remove it, the basic statement is still complete:

• Η εταιρεία έχει τα έγγραφα.

That just gives the plain fact.

Adding Εξάλλου gives extra conversational meaning, such as:

• this supports a previous point
• this is an additional reason
• this should already be obvious or relevant

So it is optional grammatically, but meaningful stylistically.