Χτες είχαμε μικρό καβγά για τον λογαριασμό.

Yes. Both mean yesterday.

• Χτες is very common in everyday speech and informal writing.
• χθες is the more traditional spelling and is also very common.

They are pronounced essentially the same, roughly xtes.

Because Greek usually drops subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

Here, είχαμε ends in -αμε, which tells you the subject is we. So Greek does not need εμείς.

You could add εμείς only for emphasis, as in Εμείς χτες είχαμε... = We were the ones who had...

Είχαμε is the past form of έχω for we had.

In Greek grammar, this is the imperfect form. But with έχω, this is the normal everyday past form used to mean had. So in a sentence like Χτες είχαμε..., it simply means Yesterday we had...

So even though imperfect often suggests an ongoing or repeated past action with other verbs, here you should just understand it as the normal past of έχω.

Because Greek, like English, often uses have + noun expressions.

Compare:

• have an argument
• have a discussion
• have a problem

So είχαμε μικρό καβγά is a very natural Greek way to say this.

A more verb-based alternative would be something like μαλώσαμε για τον λογαριασμό = we argued about the bill, but the sentence with είχαμε καβγά is completely idiomatic.

Because καβγά is the direct object of είχαμε, so it must be in the accusative case.

The dictionary form is:

• ο μικρός καβγάς = nominative

But after είχαμε, it becomes:

• μικρό καβγά = accusative

The adjective changes to match the noun:

• μικρός → μικρό
• καβγάς → καβγά

So μικρό καβγά is the correct object form.

The basic form is ο καβγάς.

In the accusative singular, many masculine nouns lose the final -ς. So:

• ο καβγάς = nominative
• τον καβγά = accusative

Since this sentence has no article before it, you just see καβγά.

Greek does not always need the indefinite article ένας / έναν where English uses a / an.

So both of these are possible:

• είχαμε μικρό καβγά
• είχαμε έναν μικρό καβγά

The version without έναν sounds very natural here. The version with έναν is also correct, but it can feel a little more explicitly countable, like we had one small argument.

Here it means minor, slight, or not very serious.

So μικρό καβγά is not about physical size. It means a small disagreement or minor quarrel.

Greek uses μικρός this way very naturally in many contexts.

Για has several common meanings, including:

• for
• about
• regarding
• over in the sense of a dispute

In για τον λογαριασμό, the meaning is about / over the bill.

So this is a normal and common use of για.

Because για takes the accusative case.

The dictionary form is:

• ο λογαριασμός

After για, it becomes:

• τον λογαριασμό

So both the article and the noun change form:

• ο → τον
• λογαριασμός → λογαριασμό

This is very common in Modern Greek, since most prepositions are followed by the accusative.

No. Λογαριασμός can mean several things, depending on context, such as:

• bill
• check
• account
• calculation
• tab
• reckoning

In this sentence, the natural meaning is bill / check, because that is something people commonly argue about.

The word order can change. Greek is more flexible than English.

Χτες comes first here because it sets the time right away, which sounds very natural. But other orders are also possible, for example:

• Είχαμε χτες μικρό καβγά για τον λογαριασμό

That still means the same thing. Usually, changing the order affects emphasis or focus, not the core meaning.