Σφίγγω τη βίδα με το κατσαβίδι.

Σφίγγω is the 1st person singular present tense form of the verb σφίγγω.

So it can mean either:

• I tighten
• I am tightening

Greek does not have a separate everyday verb form like English I am tightening versus I tighten. The exact meaning depends on context.

Because Greek often omits subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb ending.

The ending -ω in σφίγγω already tells you the subject is I.

So:

• Σφίγγω τη βίδα... = I tighten / I'm tightening the screw...
• Εγώ σφίγγω τη βίδα... adds emphasis, like I am the one tightening the screw

This is about the final -ν in the feminine accusative article την.

Before a word beginning with β, Greek normally drops that final -ν, so:

• τη βίδα is the usual form here

A useful learner rule is:

• την is usually kept before vowels and certain consonants such as κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, and clusters like μπ, ντ, γκ, τσ, τζ
• otherwise it is often shortened to τη

So with βίδα, τη βίδα is the normal choice.

Because βίδα is the direct object of σφίγγω.

You are doing the action to the screw, so Greek uses the accusative case:

• nominative: η βίδα
• accusative: τη βίδα

Notice that the noun βίδα itself does not change here; the article shows the case change.

Here με means with, in the sense of using a tool or instrument.

So:

• με το κατσαβίδι = with the screwdriver / using the screwdriver

This is an instrumental use of με.

In Modern Greek, με normally takes the accusative.

So after με, you get:

• το κατσαβίδι

Also, κατσαβίδι is a neuter noun, so its article is το.

For many neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative look the same, so:

• nominative: το κατσαβίδι
• accusative: το κατσαβίδι

Because Greek nouns have grammatical gender, and that gender must usually be learned with the noun.

So:

• η βίδα = feminine
• το κατσαβίδι = neuter

This does not mean the objects themselves are somehow feminine or neuter in a real-world sense. It is just part of how Greek grammar works. Articles and adjectives must agree with the noun's gender.

No. Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The sentence:

• Σφίγγω τη βίδα με το κατσαβίδι

is a very natural neutral order.

But Greek can move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Με το κατσαβίδι σφίγγω τη βίδα. = emphasis on with the screwdriver
• Τη βίδα σφίγγω με το κατσαβίδι. = emphasis on the screw

English is much stricter about word order than Greek.

A rough pronunciation is:

• σφίγγω ≈ SFING-go

A few useful points:

• σφ sounds like sf
• ί is the stressed vowel
• γγ here sounds like ngg, similar to the middle of finger

So the whole sentence is roughly:

• SFING-go ti VEE-tha me to kat-sa-VEE-thee

More exactly:

• β sounds like v
• δ sounds like th in this

No. Σφίγγω is a broader verb meaning things like:

• tighten
• squeeze
• clench
• make tight

In this sentence, because the object is βίδα, the meaning is naturally tighten the screw.

Greek can also use other verbs in related contexts. For example, βιδώνω is often used when the idea is more specifically to screw in or turn a screw. But σφίγγω τη βίδα is a very natural way to say tighten the screw.