Ξέρω ότι αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες, στο μέλλον το όνειρό μου δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.

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Questions & Answers about Ξέρω ότι αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες, στο μέλλον το όνειρό μου δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.

What tense and mood is συνεχίσω, and why is it used after αν instead of συνεχίζω?

συνεχίσω is 1st person singular, aorist subjunctive of συνεχίζω (to continue).

In modern Greek:

  • Future “if”-clauses are typically formed with αν + subjunctive, not with θα:
    • αν συνεχίσω = if I continue
    • αν πάω = if I go

Why aorist subjunctive (συνεχίσω) and not present subjunctive (συνεχίζω)?

  • Present subjunctive (e.g. να συνεχίζω) emphasizes an ongoing, repeated or habitual action.
  • Aorist subjunctive (e.g. να συνεχίσω) sees the action more as a whole, “at least happen / get done”.

In conditionals like this, Greek very often uses the aorist subjunctive to talk about a future condition:

  • αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες
    ≈ “if I keep up / if I manage to continue these good habits”

You could hear αν συνεχίζω in some contexts, but it would sound more like “if I am (generally) someone who keeps continuing these habits”, with a more habitual or background feel. αν συνεχίσω is the natural, idiomatic choice here.


What does ότι do in this sentence, and can it be replaced by πως or dropped like English “that”?

ότι introduces a content clause after Ξέρω:

  • Ξέρω ότι … = “I know that …”

In modern Greek:

  • ότι and πως are both used to mean that (introducing what you know, think, say):
    • Ξέρω ότι…
    • Ξέρω πως…
      Both are correct here. ότι is often felt as a bit more neutral/formal; πως a bit more informal.

Unlike English, in Greek you normally cannot drop ότι/πως in this kind of sentence:

  • English: “I know (that) if I continue…” – “that” can be omitted.
  • Greek: Ξέρω ότι αν συνεχίσω… – you need ότι (or πως);
    ✗ Ξέρω αν συνεχίσω… is wrong here, because αν would then mean “whether”, not introduce your whole thought.

So:

  • Ξέρω ότι αν συνεχίσω…
  • Ξέρω πως αν συνεχίσω…
  • Ξέρω αν συνεχίσω… ❌ (changes meaning to “I know whether I’ll continue…”, and even that sounds odd)

Why do we have both αυτές and τις in αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες? Isn’t one determiner enough?

In Greek, when a demonstrative (this/that/these/those) is used before a noun, it normally appears together with the definite article:

  • αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες = these good habits
    • αυτές = these
    • τις = the (feminine accusative plural)
    • καλές = good (fem. acc. pl.)
    • συνήθειες = habits

This is just the normal structure:

  • αυτά τα βιβλία = these books
  • εκείνη την ώρα = that hour
  • αυτή τη γυναίκα = this woman

So αυτές and τις are both required:

  • ✗ συνεχίσω αυτές καλές συνήθειες – sounds wrong
  • ✓ συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες – correct, natural Greek

What gender and case are καλές συνήθειες, and why?

The noun συνήθεια (habit) is feminine:

  • Singular: η συνήθεια (nom.), τη συνήθεια (acc.)
  • Plural: οι συνήθειες (nom.), τις συνήθειες (acc.)

In the phrase:

  • αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες

everything agrees in gender, number and case:

  • αυτές – feminine, accusative plural (demonstrative)
  • τις – feminine, accusative plural (article)
  • καλές – feminine, accusative plural (adjective)
  • συνήθειες – feminine, accusative plural (noun)

Why accusative? Because this whole phrase is the direct object of συνεχίσω:

  • αν συνεχίσω (τι;) αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες
    “if I continue (what?) these good habits”

Why is it στο μέλλον and not σε το μέλλον? And why is “future” definite in Greek?

στο is just the contraction of σε + το:

  • σε + τοστο
  • σε + τονστον
  • σε + τηνστη(ν)

So:

  • σε το μέλλονστο μέλλον

As for the article: Greek typically uses a definite article with many time expressions where English does not:

  • στο μέλλον = in the future
  • στο παρελθόν = in the past
  • το βράδυ = at night / in the evening
  • το πρωί = in the morning

So the literal structure is “in the future”, but in natural English we say “in the future” anyway, so it matches nicely here.


Why is the stress on όνειρό (last syllable) and not on the first syllable, as in όνειρο?

The base word is το όνειρο (stress on the first syllable: Ó-ne-ro).

When you add an enclitic pronoun like μου, Greek treats the main word + enclitic as one stress unit. There is a rule that the stress in Greek cannot be further than three syllables from the end of that unit.

  • Without μου: ό-νει-ρο (3 syllables) – stress on ό (3rd from the end) is fine.
  • With μου: ό-νει-ρο-μου (4 syllables).
    Now, if we kept the stress on ό, it would be 4th from the end, which is not allowed.

So the stress moves closer to the end, onto the last syllable of the main word:

  • το όνειρό μου → ó-ne-RÓ-mu (stress on -ρό-)

This is a general pattern for proparoxytone words (stress originally on the 3rd-from-last syllable) when followed by enclitics:

  • ο άνθρωποςο άνθρωπός μου
  • το όνοματο όνομά μου
  • το όνειροτο όνειρό μου

How is the future formed in δεν θα μείνει? Is θα μείνει a separate future tense?

Modern Greek forms the future periphrastically with θα + (subjunctive-looking) verb form.

For μένω (to stay, remain, live):

  • να μείνω – aorist subjunctive, 1st sg
  • να μείνει – aorist subjunctive, 3rd sg

With θα, the same forms give the simple future:

  • θα μείνω – I will stay / I will remain
  • θα μείνει – he/she/it will stay / will remain

So:

  • δεν θα μείνει = “(it) will not remain / will not stay”

There is also a continuous future with the present stem:

  • θα μένω – I’ll be staying / I’ll live (somewhere)
  • δεν θα μένει μόνο ελπίδα would mean “it won’t be staying just a hope” (slightly different nuance).

Here, δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα is about the dream eventually becoming reality, not continuously being something, so the simple future (θα μείνει) is the natural choice.


Why does δεν come before θα in δεν θα μείνει? Can I say θα δεν μείνει?

In Greek, the negative particle δεν normally comes before the verbal complex (auxiliaries, particles like θα, etc.):

  • δεν θα πάω – I will not go
  • δεν έχω πάει – I have not gone
  • δεν μπορώ να πάω – I cannot go

So:

  • δεν θα μείνει = not + will + remain

You cannot say ✗ θα δεν μείνει. That word order is ungrammatical in standard Greek.

Correct patterns:

  • δεν θα μείνει – it will not remain
  • δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα – it won’t remain just a hope

Why is there no article in μόνο ελπίδα? Why not μόνο μια ελπίδα or μόνο η ελπίδα?

ελπίδα is a feminine noun:

  • η ελπίδα – the hope

In μόνο ελπίδα, the noun is used more like an abstract, mass concept, similar to uncountable nouns in English:

  • μόνο ελπίδα ≈ “only hope / just hope”

Compare:

  • English: “It will not remain just hope.”
  • Greek: δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.

If you said:

  • μόνο μια ελπίδα – “only one hope / just a single hope”
  • μόνο η ελπίδα – “only the hope” (very specific)

So μόνο ελπίδα expresses the idea “nothing more than hope”, without counting or specifying it; that is exactly what we want here.


Can I change the word order around στο μέλλον and το όνειρό μου?

Yes, Greek word order is relatively flexible, especially with adverbials like στο μέλλον.

Your sentence is:

  • … αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες, στο μέλλον το όνειρό μου δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.

Other natural possibilities:

  • … αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες, το όνειρό μου στο μέλλον δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.
  • … στο μέλλον, αν συνεχίσω αυτές τις καλές συνήθειες, το όνειρό μου δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα.

Things that generally stay together:

  • το όνειρό μου – article + noun + enclitic pronoun
  • δεν θα μείνει – negative + future particle + verb
  • μόνο ελπίδα – adverb + noun

Moving στο μέλλον changes emphasis slightly (what you’re foregrounding in the sentence), but all those variants are grammatical and natural.


What is the nuance of δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα with μένω? Could I use a different verb?

μένω here means to remain / to stay (as something).

  • δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα
    ≈ “it won’t remain just (as) a hope”
    → the implication is: it will turn into reality.

You could, in theory, use verbs like:

  • δεν θα είναι μόνο ελπίδα – “it will not be just a hope”
  • δεν θα παραμείνει μόνο ελπίδα – “it will not remain just a hope” (slightly more formal/stronger)

But δεν θα μείνει μόνο ελπίδα is very natural and idiomatic, and nicely suggests a change of state: from hope to reality.