Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά.

I understand a little Greek.

Breakdown of Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά.

• ελληνικά: in Greek
• λίγο: a little
• καταλαβαίνω: to understand

Questions & Answers about Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά.

What does each word mean in the sentence Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά?

• Καταλαβαίνω = I understand (present tense, 1st person singular).
• λίγο = a little, a bit (adverb showing degree).
• ελληνικά = Greek (the Greek language; literally the neuter plural of the adjective ελληνικός used as a noun).

Where is the word I? Why is it not written?

Greek is a pro‑drop language. The verb ending -ω in καταλαβαίνω already shows the subject is 1st person singular, so the pronoun εγώ (I) is optional. You add Εγώ only for emphasis: Εγώ καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά (I, as opposed to others, understand…).

What tense and form is Καταλαβαίνω?

It’s the present indicative active, 1st person singular. Aspectually it’s imperfective, so it describes a current/general ability or ongoing action: I understand / I am understanding.

How do you pronounce the sentence?

• Whole sentence (IPA): [kata.laˈveno ˈliɣo eliniˈka]
• Tips:
  • αι in καταλαβαίνω sounds like English e in bet.
  • β is v, not b.
  • γ in λίγο is a voiced velar fricative [ɣ], a soft gh sound.
  • η is i (ee), ω/ο are both o.
  • Stresses: κα‑τα‑λα‑βαί‑νω, λί‑γο, ε‑λη‑νι‑κά.

Why is ελληνικά plural? Do I need the article?

Language names in Greek are usually neuter plural (e.g., τα ελληνικά, τα αγγλικά, τα γαλλικά). After verbs like understand/speak/know/learn, you normally omit the article: Καταλαβαίνω ελληνικά. You use the article when you mean the language as a subject/possessed item or specific variety: Τα ελληνικά μου είναι καλά (my Greek is good). Saying Καταλαβαίνω τα ελληνικά is uncommon unless you mean some specific Greek we’ve been talking about.

Can I say Καταλαβαίνω λίγα ελληνικά?

People do say it, and it’s understood, but it literally means I understand a few Greek [things], with λίγα (few) implying countable items (e.g., words/phrases). The neutral, textbook way is λίγο (adverb): Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά. If you want the countable idea, say Ξέρω λίγες ελληνικές λέξεις (I know a few Greek words).

Where should λίγο go? Are other word orders possible?

The most neutral is after the verb: Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά. Other options:

• Λίγο ελληνικά καταλαβαίνω (emphasis on only a little Greek).
• Καταλαβαίνω λίγο (leaving the object implicit). Avoid Καταλαβαίνω ελληνικά λίγο in careful speech; it sounds odd with the adverb trailing the object in this short sentence.

What’s the difference between καταλαβαίνω, μιλάω/μιλώ, and ξέρω here?

• καταλαβαίνω = understand (comprehend what you hear/read): Καταλαβαίνω λίγο ελληνικά.
• μιλάω/μιλώ = speak: Μιλάω λίγο ελληνικά (I speak a little Greek).
• ξέρω = know (have knowledge of): Ξέρω λίγα ελληνικά (I know a bit of Greek).
  They’re all common, but they emphasize different abilities.

How do I say the negative (not much / not at all)?

• Δεν καταλαβαίνω ελληνικά. = I don’t understand Greek.
• Δεν καταλαβαίνω καλά ελληνικά. or Δεν καταλαβαίνω πολύ καλά ελληνικά. = I don’t understand Greek well/very well.
• Δεν καταλαβαίνω καθόλου ελληνικά. = I don’t understand Greek at all.

When would I use Κατάλαβα instead?

Κατάλαβα is the aorist (perfective past) meaning I understood / I got it (this time, now). Use it for a specific act of understanding: Α! Τώρα κατάλαβα (Ah! Now I get it). Καταλαβαίνω expresses ongoing/general ability.

Is there an infinitive for to understand in Greek?

Modern Greek has no true infinitive. You use να + verb:

• General/habitual: να καταλαβαίνω (to understand, in general).
• One‑off/result: να καταλάβω (to understand this time).
  Examples: Θέλω να καταλαβαίνω ελληνικά (I want to understand Greek in general). Θέλω να καταλάβω αυτό (I want to understand this).

How does καταλαβαίνω conjugate in the present?

• εγώ καταλαβαίνω
• εσύ καταλαβαίνεις
• αυτός/αυτή/αυτό καταλαβαίνει
• εμείς καταλαβαίνουμε
• εσείς καταλαβαίνετε
• αυτοί/αυτές/αυτά καταλαβαίνουν(ε)

Should ελληνικά be capitalized?

No. In Greek, names of languages and nationalities are written in lowercase (ελληνικά, αγγλικά), unless they start a sentence. In English we capitalize them, but in Greek we don’t.

Why the double λ in ελληνικά? Do I pronounce it long?

Double consonants in Modern Greek are usually not pronounced longer; λλ is just a normal [l]. The spelling reflects etymology and morphology, not length.

Any polite ways to communicate this or ask for help?

• Συγγνώμη, δεν μιλάω/δεν καταλαβαίνω καλά ελληνικά. = Sorry, I don’t speak/understand Greek well.
• Μιλάτε αγγλικά; = Do you speak English?
• Μπορείτε να μιλήσετε πιο αργά; = Could you speak more slowly?
• Τα ελληνικά μου είναι λίγο σκουριασμένα. = My Greek is a bit rusty.