Το ανέβασμα των τοιχωμάτων αλλάζει το πάχος του τοιχώματος.

Το ανέβασμα is a neuter noun made from the verb ανεβάζω (to raise, lift, increase, bring up).

So instead of a full verb phrase like raising the walls, Greek uses a noun phrase meaning something like the raising / the increase / the buildup.

A very literal breakdown is:

• το = the
• ανέβασμα = raising, bringing up, increase

This kind of noun is very common in Greek. English can do something similar with forms like the raising of the walls.

Greek uses the definite article much more often than English.

So το ανέβασμα is completely normal Greek, even where English might simply say:

• raising the walls
• wall raising
• the raising of the walls

In Greek, abstract nouns and action nouns often appear with the article:

• το ανέβασμα
• η αλλαγή
• η αύξηση

So the article here does not necessarily mean the action is especially specific in the way English the might suggest. It is just natural Greek usage.

Because it depends on the noun ανέβασμα.

Greek often uses the genitive after a noun to show what that noun relates to. Here, των τοιχωμάτων means of the walls.

So:

• το ανέβασμα των τοιχωμάτων = the raising of the walls

This is similar to English of.

A useful way to think of it is:

• noun + genitive
• the raising
  • of the walls

That is why it is not in the accusative here.

This is a very natural question.

In the first part:

• των τοιχωμάτων = of the walls (plural)

In the second part:

• του τοιχώματος = of the wall (singular)

This can happen because Greek, like English, sometimes uses a singular noun in a generic sense. So το πάχος του τοιχώματος can mean:

• the thickness of the wall
• wall thickness

even if the broader context involves several walls.

So the sentence can be understood roughly as:

• The raising of the walls changes the wall thickness

The plural refers to the walls being raised; the singular refers to the property wall thickness as a general concept.

Both can relate to wall, but they are not always identical.

• τοίχος is the more everyday word for a wall, especially a room wall.
• τοίχωμα is often more technical, structural, or scientific.

τοίχωμα can mean things like:

• the wall of a structure
• the side wall of an object
• the wall of an organ or cavity in medical/scientific language

So in technical, engineering, architectural, or scientific contexts, τοίχωμα is often the more precise choice.

Αλλάζει is the 3rd person singular present active form of αλλάζω (to change).

So:

• αλλάζω = I change
• αλλάζει = it changes / he changes / she changes

Here it means it changes, because the subject is το ανέβασμα, which is singular:

• Το ανέβασμα ... αλλάζει ...
• The raising ... changes ...

So the verb is singular because the subject is singular.

The word order is quite straightforward and neutral:

• Το ανέβασμα των τοιχωμάτων = subject
• αλλάζει = verb
• το πάχος του τοιχώματος = object

So it follows the basic pattern:

• Subject – Verb – Object

Greek word order is more flexible than English, but this sentence uses a very normal, unmarked order.

Also notice that each genitive phrase comes after the noun it belongs to:

• το ανέβασμα των τοιχωμάτων
• το πάχος του τοιχώματος

That is the usual pattern.

For the same general reason as το ανέβασμα των τοιχωμάτων: the genitive tells you what the noun is connected to.

Here:

• το πάχος = the thickness
• του τοιχώματος = of the wall

So:

• το πάχος του τοιχώματος = the thickness of the wall

Again, Greek often uses the genitive where English uses of.

Excellent observation: not every noun ending in -ος is masculine.

Το πάχος is a neuter noun meaning thickness.

Its forms are:

• το πάχος = nominative/accusative singular
• του πάχους = genitive singular

So although -ος often makes learners think of masculine nouns like ο δρόμος, there are also neuter nouns in -ος, such as:

• το μέρος
• το τέλος
• το πάχος

So you have to learn the article together with the noun.

Yes.

The Greek present tense often covers both:

• changes
• is changing

Which one sounds best depends on context.

In a general or technical statement like this, English often uses the simple present:

• The raising of the walls changes the wall thickness

But in another context, it could also be understood as:

• is changing

So the Greek present here does not force only one of those English options.

Yes. Even if the meaning is already known, it helps to know that Greek often sounds slightly more noun-based or technical than natural English.

A very literal version is:

• The raising of the walls changes the thickness of the wall

But depending on context, a more natural English rendering might be:

• Raising the walls changes the wall thickness
• Increasing the height of the walls changes the wall thickness
• Wall raising changes the wall thickness

The exact best version depends on what ανέβασμα means in the specific technical context: raising, increasing, building up, and so on.