Δεν πήγα λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου.

In Greek, the verb usually already shows the subject. Πήγα means I went, so Greek does not need a separate pronoun the way English does.

If you want extra emphasis, you can add εγώ:

• Εγώ δεν πήγα λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου. = I didn’t go because of lack of time.

But without emphasis, Greek normally leaves the subject pronoun out.

Δεν is the normal negation used with statements in Modern Greek. It usually goes directly before the finite verb:

• πήγα = I went
• δεν πήγα = I didn’t go

Greek uses δεν here because this is a straightforward statement. It does not use μη(ν), which is used in other kinds of structures, such as commands or certain subjunctive patterns.

Πήγα is the 1st person singular aorist form of πάω / πηγαίνω.

So grammatically it means:

• I went

With δεν, it becomes:

• δεν πήγα = I didn’t go

The aorist is the normal tense for a single completed event in the past. In this sentence, the speaker is referring to one specific occasion of not going.

Because the sentence refers to a single completed past situation, not an ongoing or habitual one.

• δεν πήγα = I didn’t go / I did not go
  → one specific event

• δεν πήγαινα = I wasn’t going or I didn’t use to go
  → ongoing, repeated, or habitual past meaning

So δεν πήγα is the natural choice here.

Λόγω means because of or due to. It introduces a noun phrase, not a full clause.

So:

• λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου = because of lack of time

This is different from words like γιατί or επειδή, which introduce a clause:

• Δεν πήγα γιατί δεν είχα χρόνο. = I didn’t go because I didn’t have time.

A very important grammar point: λόγω is followed by the genitive case.

Their dictionary forms are:

• έλλειψη = lack
• χρόνος = time

In the sentence, they appear as:

• έλλειψης
• χρόνου

because they are in the genitive.

There are really two things happening:

1. λόγω requires the genitive.
2. έλλειψης χρόνου means lack of time, where χρόνου depends on έλλειψης.

So the structure is:

• λόγω
  • έλλειψης χρόνου

You can think of it as:

• because of
  • lack of time

Greek often omits the article in expressions with λόγω, especially in slightly formal or fixed-style phrases such as:

• λόγω βροχής = due to rain
• λόγω απεργίας = due to a strike
• λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου = due to lack of time

So the articleless version is very normal.

You can sometimes hear or see:

• λόγω της έλλειψης χρόνου

This sounds a bit more specific, as if referring to a particular lack of time already understood in context.

As for του χρόνου, that would usually mean of the time in a more specific sense, and it is not the natural choice in this expression. Έλλειψη χρόνου is the standard way to say lack of time.

Yes, it is correct and natural, but it sounds a bit more formal or written than the most casual spoken Greek.

In everyday conversation, many speakers would more naturally say:

• Δεν πήγα γιατί δεν είχα χρόνο.
• Δεν πήγα επειδή δεν είχα χρόνο.

So:

• λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου = correct, natural, somewhat more formal
• γιατί δεν είχα χρόνο = more conversational

Yes. Greek word order is fairly flexible.

You can also say:

• Λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου, δεν πήγα.

This puts the reason first and gives it a bit more emphasis.

What normally stays the same is that δεν comes right before the verb:

• δεν πήγα

So while the sentence can be rearranged, δεν usually remains attached to the verb phrase.

Yes, but the structure changes.

With λόγω, you use a noun phrase:

• Δεν πήγα λόγω έλλειψης χρόνου.

With γιατί or επειδή, you normally use a full clause:

• Δεν πήγα γιατί δεν είχα χρόνο.
• Δεν πήγα επειδή δεν είχα χρόνο.

So the meaning is similar, but the grammar is different:

• λόγω
  • noun phrase
• γιατί / επειδή
  • clause