Η έρευνα χρειάζεται ανάλυση.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

So:

• η έρευνα = the research
• η matches έρευνα because έρευνα is a feminine singular noun

It is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence. In the middle of a sentence, it would be η.

Greek uses the definite article more often than English, so Greek may say η έρευνα even where English might simply say research.

Here έρευνα is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence: it is the thing that needs something.

So the structure is:

• Η έρευνα = the subject
• χρειάζεται = needs
• ανάλυση = the thing needed

A useful detail: έρευνα is one of those nouns whose nominative and accusative singular look the same as a bare noun:

• nominative: η έρευνα
• accusative: την έρευνα

The article changes, but the noun itself stays έρευνα.

Because the subject is third person singular: η έρευνα = the research / it.

The dictionary form of the verb is χρειάζομαι = to need.

Its present-tense forms include:

• χρειάζομαι = I need
• χρειάζεσαι = you need
• χρειάζεται = he/she/it needs

So Η έρευνα χρειάζεται... literally means The research needs...

Also, Greek does not need a separate word like English does here. The verb ending already shows the person and number.

It looks like a middle/passive form, because it comes from χρειάζομαι, but in meaning here it is effectively active: needs.

So in this sentence:

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται ανάλυση.
• = The research needs analysis.

This is normal Greek. Many Greek verbs have forms that look middle/passive but are used with active meaning.

Here ανάλυση is in the accusative singular because it is the direct object of the verb χρειάζεται.

It is the thing being needed.

A detail that often confuses learners: for this noun, the nominative and accusative singular are identical in form:

• nominative: η ανάλυση
• accusative: την ανάλυση

Without the article, you just see ανάλυση, so you identify its role from the sentence structure and meaning.

Because Greek often leaves out the article when the object is being mentioned in a general or indefinite sense.

So:

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται ανάλυση. = The research needs analysis.

This sounds general: analysis is needed, not one specific analysis already known to both speakers.

If you said:

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται την ανάλυση.

that would usually mean the research needs the analysis, referring to a specific analysis.

Yes, but it changes the nuance.

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται ανάλυση. = Research needs analysis / The research needs analysis.

  • general, broad, natural

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται μια ανάλυση. = The research needs an analysis.

  • more like one analysis, some analysis, or a particular instance of analysis

So the version without μια is often more natural when speaking generally.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral order here is:

• Η έρευνα χρειάζεται ανάλυση.

But you could also say:

• Ανάλυση χρειάζεται η έρευνα.

That puts more emphasis on ανάλυση.

Even when the order changes, the meaning stays basically the same, but the focus shifts. The original sentence is the most straightforward, unmarked version.

The accent mark shows which syllable is stressed.

So:

• έρευνα → stress on έ
• χρειάζεται → stress on ά
• ανάλυση → stress on ά

This is very important in Greek, because stress is part of the correct pronunciation of the word.

A rough pronunciation is:

ee EH-rev-na khree-A-ze-te a-NA-lee-see

A more careful breakdown:

• Η = ee
• έρευνα = EH-rev-na
• χρειάζεται = khree-A-ze-te
• ανάλυση = a-NA-lee-see

Useful note:

• χ is not like English ch in chair
• it is a rough sound, like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch

So the sentence is approximately:

ee EH-rev-na khree-A-ze-te a-NA-lee-see