Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης έχει κωδικό παράβασης.

Breakdown of Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης έχει κωδικό παράβασης.

έχω
to have
ο κωδικός παράβασης
the violation code
η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης
the formal notice recording the violation

Questions & Answers about Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης έχει κωδικό παράβασης.

What is the grammatical role of each word in this sentence?

Here is the breakdown:

  • Η — the definite article, feminine singular nominative
  • πράξη — noun, feminine singular nominative; this is the subject
  • βεβαίωσης — noun, feminine singular genitive
  • παράβασης — noun, feminine singular genitive
  • έχει — verb, 3rd person singular present of έχω (to have)
  • κωδικό — noun, masculine singular accusative; this is the direct object
  • παράβασης — noun, feminine singular genitive

So the basic structure is:

  • subject: Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης
  • verb: έχει
  • object: κωδικό παράβασης
Why does the sentence start with Η?

Because πράξη is a feminine singular noun, and here it is the subject of the sentence, so it takes the nominative singular feminine article η.

Compare:

  • η πράξη — the act / the document
  • ο κωδικός — the code (masculine)
  • το έγγραφο — the document (neuter)

Greek articles must match the noun in gender, number, and case.

Why are βεβαίωσης and παράβασης in this form?

They are in the genitive case.

Greek often uses the genitive where English uses of:

  • βεβαίωση = confirmation / certification
  • βεβαίωσης = of confirmation / of certification
  • παράβαση = violation / offense
  • παράβασης = of violation / of offense

So:

  • πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης literally works like act/document of certification of violation

This kind of noun chaining is especially common in formal, legal, and bureaucratic Greek.

Why are there two genitives in a row: βεβαίωσης παράβασης?

Because Greek allows a chain of nouns where each one modifies the one before it.

The structure is:

  • πράξη
    • βεβαίωσης
      • παράβασης

In simpler English-style terms, it is something like:

  • act/document
  • of certification
  • of violation

So the second genitive, παράβασης, depends on βεβαίωσης, not directly on πράξη.

This is very normal in formal Greek, even if it feels heavy to an English speaker.

Why is there no article before βεβαίωσης, παράβασης, or κωδικό?

Greek does not always use articles in the same way English does.

A few things are happening here:

  • βεβαίωσης and παράβασης are part of a compact formal noun phrase, so leaving out the article sounds natural.
  • κωδικό has no article because it is understood as a code, not the code.

Greek often omits the indefinite article where English would use a/an.

So:

  • έχει κωδικό παράβασης = has a violation code

You could sometimes add an indefinite article, such as έναν κωδικό, but in this kind of official style it is often omitted.

Why is it κωδικό and not κωδικός?

Because κωδικό is the accusative singular form, and it is the direct object of έχει.

  • dictionary form / subject form: κωδικός
  • object form: κωδικό

Compare:

  • Ο κωδικός είναι σωστός. — The code is correct.
  • Έχει κωδικό. — It has a code.

So after έχει, you expect the object in the accusative.

Why is παράβασης repeated at the end instead of being left out?

Because it belongs to a different noun phrase.

The first παράβασης is part of:

  • πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης

The second παράβασης is part of:

  • κωδικό παράβασης

So although the same noun appears twice, it is doing two separate jobs.

This kind of repetition is very common in official language. English might try to avoid repeating the word, but Greek often keeps it for clarity, especially in legal or administrative writing.

Is the word order normal?

Yes. This is a very normal neutral word order:

  • Subject + Verb + Object

So:

  • Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης — subject
  • έχει — verb
  • κωδικό παράβασης — object

Greek word order is more flexible than English, so other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

  • Κωδικό παράβασης έχει η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης.

But the original sentence is the most straightforward and standard version.

Is this sentence natural everyday Greek?

It is natural, but it sounds formal, administrative, or legal rather than conversational.

Words like:

  • πράξη
  • βεβαίωσης
  • παράβασης
  • κωδικό

fit strongly with official documents, regulations, fines, reports, and bureaucracy.

In everyday speech, a Greek speaker might choose a simpler rewording, depending on context. But in official writing, this sentence sounds perfectly normal.

What does βεβαίωσης suggest here? Is it related to a verb?

Yes. It comes from the noun βεβαίωση, which is related to the verb βεβαιώνω:

  • βεβαιώνω — I confirm / I certify
  • βεβαίωση — confirmation / certification
  • βεβαίωσης — of confirmation / of certification

So πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης is built from a very typical Greek pattern:

  • abstract noun + genitive complement

This is one reason the sentence sounds official: Greek formal language often prefers nouns like βεβαίωση instead of a more verbal structure.

Could this sentence be paraphrased in a less noun-heavy way?

Yes. Greek, especially formal Greek, often packs information into noun phrases. A less dense version might use more verbs or clauses.

For example, instead of a long noun chain, Greek could sometimes express the idea with wording closer to:

  • Η πράξη που βεβαιώνει την παράβαση έχει κωδικό παράβασης.

That kind of version is easier for learners to unpack because it uses a relative clause:

  • που βεβαιώνει — that confirms/certifies

But the original sentence is more compact and more typical of bureaucratic style.

AI Language TutorTry it ↗
Your avatar
“What's the best way to learn Greek grammar?”
Greek grammar becomes intuitive with practice. Focus on understanding the core patterns first — how sentences are structured, how verbs change form, and how words relate to each other. Our course breaks these concepts into small lessons so you can build understanding step by step.

Sign up free — start using our AI language tutor

Start learning Greek

Master Greek — from Η πράξη βεβαίωσης παράβασης έχει κωδικό παράβασης to fluency

All course content and exercises are completely free — no paywalls, no trial periods, no signup needed.

  • ✓Infinitely deep — unlimited vocabulary and grammar
  • ✓Fast-paced — build complex sentences from the start
  • ✓Unforgettable — efficient spaced repetition system
  • ✓ AI tutor to answer your grammar questions