Ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός στηρίζει την κοινωνική δομή.

Greek definite articles change form depending on gender, number, and case.

In this sentence:

• Ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός = the charitable organization
  
  • Ο is the masculine singular nominative form of the
• την κοινωνική δομή = the social structure
  
  • την is the feminine singular accusative form of the

So Greek does not use one single word for the the way English does.

Because the two nouns have different grammatical genders and different cases.

• οργανισμός is masculine
• δομή is feminine

Also, they play different roles in the sentence:

• Ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός is the subject → nominative case
• την κοινωνική δομή is the direct object → accusative case

That is why the articles are different:

• masculine nominative: ο
• feminine accusative: την

In Greek, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• φιλανθρωπικός matches οργανισμός
  • masculine, singular, nominative
• κοινωνική matches δομή
  • feminine, singular, accusative

This is very different from English, where adjectives usually do not change form.

The dictionary form is στηρίζω, meaning I support or to support.

στηρίζει is the third person singular present tense form, so it means:

• he/she/it supports

Here the subject is the charitable organization, so in natural English:

• The charitable organization supports ...

Because it is a present-tense verb form for third person singular.

For the verb στηρίζω:

• στηρίζω = I support
• στηρίζεις = you support
• στηρίζει = he/she/it supports

Since ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός is a singular subject, Greek uses στηρίζει.

No. στ in Greek is pronounced like st in English stop.

So στηρίζει is roughly pronounced:

• stee-REE-zee

A few pronunciation notes:

• η sounds like ee
• ζ sounds like z
• the stress falls on ρί: στη-ΡΙ-ζει

It means charitable or philanthropic.

It is related to:

• φιλανθρωπία = charity / philanthropy
• φιλάνθρωπος = charitable, humane, benevolent

So φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός is a very natural way to say:

• charitable organization
• sometimes also philanthropic organization

δομή literally means structure.

Depending on context, κοινωνική δομή can mean:

• social structure
• social framework

So the phrase refers to the structure or organization of society, not a physical building.

Because it is the direct object of the verb στηρίζει.

Greek marks direct objects with the accusative case.
For a feminine singular noun like δομή, the article changes:

• nominative: η δομή = the structure as subject
• accusative: τη(ν) δομή = the structure as object

Since the organization is supporting the structure, structure is the object, so Greek uses την κοινωνική δομή.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English because case endings help show who is doing what.

The neutral, standard order here is:

• Ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός στηρίζει την κοινωνική δομή.

But Greek could also say, for example:

• Την κοινωνική δομή στηρίζει ο φιλανθρωπικός οργανισμός.

That would put more emphasis on the social structure.

Even when the order changes, the articles and endings still show:

• ο οργανισμός = subject
• την δομή = object

Both τη and την can occur in modern Greek before feminine singular accusative nouns.

• την is the full form
• τη is a shortened form often used before certain consonants in everyday speech

Before words beginning with κ, π, τ, ξ, ψ, μπ, ντ, γκ, many speakers prefer την for clarity, and δομή starts with δ, so την κοινωνική δομή is completely normal and standard.

In careful written Greek, την is very common.

Greek marks written stress with an accent mark.

In this sentence:

• φιλανθρωπικός → stress on κός
• οργανισμός → stress on μός
• στηρίζει → stress on ρί
• κοινωνική → stress on κή
• δομή → stress on μή

That means the stress is clearly shown in writing, which is very helpful for learners.