Η κοινωνία αλλάζει.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, so here it means the.

A very common beginner confusion is:

• η = the for feminine singular nouns
• ή = or

They sound the same in Modern Greek, but the accent mark distinguishes them in writing.

Also, in your sentence it appears as Η because it is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence. In the middle of a sentence, it would normally be η.

Greek uses the definite article much more often than English, especially with:

• abstract nouns
• general concepts
• nouns used in a broad, generic sense

So η κοινωνία is very natural Greek for talking about society in general. English often drops the article in this kind of sentence, but Greek usually keeps it.

Because κοινωνία is a grammatically feminine noun.

In Greek, every noun has a grammatical gender:

• masculine
• feminine
• neuter

This is a grammar category, not necessarily a statement about biological sex. Since κοινωνία is feminine, it takes the feminine article η.

A lot of nouns ending in -ία are feminine, so the ending gives you a useful clue.

It is nominative singular.

Why?

• singular: it refers to one concept, society
• nominative: it is the subject of the sentence, the thing doing the action of changing

So the structure is:

• Η κοινωνία = the subject
• αλλάζει = the verb

Because the subject is η κοινωνία, which is third person singular.

The dictionary form of the verb is αλλάζω = I change / to change.

But in this sentence you need the form that matches he/she/it or any singular noun:

• αλλάζω = I change
• αλλάζεις = you change
• αλλάζει = he/she/it changes

Since η κοινωνία is a singular noun, Greek uses αλλάζει.

It can mean either, depending on context.

The Greek present tense often covers both:

• changes
• is changing

So Η κοινωνία αλλάζει can mean:

• society changes
• society is changing

In many real contexts, English would most naturally translate it as Society is changing, but grammatically the Greek form itself can express both a general present and an ongoing present.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation is:

ee kee-no-NEE-a a-LA-zee

A more phonetic version is roughly:

/i cinoˈni.a aˈlazi/

Stress falls on:

• κοινωνία
• αλλάζει

So the stressed syllables are:

• kee-no-NEE-a
• a-LA-zee

They show you which syllable is stressed.

In this sentence:

• κοινωνία → stress on -νί-
• αλλάζει → stress on -λά-

The article η/Η has no written accent because it is a monosyllabic article, and Greek normally does not write an accent on it.

For a learner, accent marks are very important because stress in Greek is part of the normal spelling and pronunciation.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral, straightforward order here is:

Η κοινωνία αλλάζει.

But you could also say:

Αλλάζει η κοινωνία.

That version is still grammatical, but it may sound more marked, more literary, or more focused on the verb/action.

So:

• Η κοινωνία αλλάζει = neutral statement
• Αλλάζει η κοινωνία = possible, with different emphasis

No. κοινωνία can have several related meanings depending on context, including:

• society
• community
• social life
• sometimes more specialized meanings in religion or philosophy

But in a simple sentence like this, the most natural reading is society in a broad sense.

Because Greek does not need a separate auxiliary verb here.

English often builds the progressive with:

• is + verb-ing

Greek usually expresses this idea with the ordinary present tense form of the main verb itself:

• αλλάζει

So one Greek word can cover what English expresses with two words:

• changes
• is changing

That is why Η κοινωνία αλλάζει is a complete sentence without any separate word for is.