Die Richter beschließen über den Einspruch.

Here die Richter is nominative plural, meaning the judges.

A very common beginner confusion is that die can mean:

• the for a feminine singular noun, or
• the for any plural noun in the nominative and accusative

So in this sentence:

• der Richter = the judge (singular, masculine)
• die Richter = the judges (plural)

This is not feminine singular. A singular female judge would be die Richterin.

You know from the combination of the article and the verb:

• die Richter = plural
• beschließen = plural verb form

If it were singular, you would get:

• Der Richter beschließt ... = The judge decides ...

So the verb form confirms that Richter is plural in this sentence.

Because the subject is plural: die Richter = the judges.

In the present tense:

• ich beschließe
• du beschließt
• er/sie/es beschließt
• wir beschließen
• ihr beschließt
• sie/Sie beschließen

Since die Richter is a they form, the verb must be beschließen.

It is nominative plural, because it is the subject of the sentence — the people performing the action.

You can identify the subject by asking:

• Who decides?
• The judges.

So:

• die Richter = nominative plural

Because the verb is being used with the preposition über, meaning something like about / on / regarding in the sense of making a decision on something.

So:

• über den Einspruch beschließen = to decide on the objection/appeal

This is a common pattern in German: a verb can require or regularly appear with a specific preposition.

Because über takes the accusative here.

With verbs like this, über means about / concerning / on, and in that meaning it takes the accusative case:

• über den Einspruch
• über die Frage
• über das Problem

So:

• der Einspruch = nominative
• den Einspruch = accusative

That is why den is correct here.

Not always. Über is a two-way preposition.

It can take:

• accusative when it expresses direction, change, or topic
• dative when it expresses location

In this sentence, it means about / concerning / on, so it takes the accusative:

• über den Einspruch

Compare:

• Wir sprechen über den Fall. = We are talking about the case. → accusative
• Das Bild hängt über dem Tisch. = The picture hangs above the table. → dative

Yes, it is grammatical and especially understandable in a formal, legal, or administrative context.

German also very commonly uses:

• über etwas entscheiden = to decide on something

So depending on context, you might also hear:

• Die Richter entscheiden über den Einspruch.

Both are possible, though entscheiden über may feel more immediately familiar to many learners.

Yes. Beschließen is built from schließen, but it has its own meaning.

• schließen = to close
• beschließen = to decide, to resolve, to pass (a decision/resolution)

The prefix be- is inseparable, so this is not a separable verb.

That means:

• Present: Die Richter beschließen ...
• Perfect: Die Richter haben ... beschlossen.

Not:

• schließen ... be or anything like that

So learners should treat beschließen as its own verb.

This is a normal main clause with the verb in second position:

• Die Richter = first element
• beschließen = second position
• über den Einspruch = the rest of the sentence

German main-clause rule:

• the finite verb goes in position 2

So this sentence follows the standard pattern:

• Subject + verb + other information

You could also front the prepositional phrase for emphasis:

• Über den Einspruch beschließen die Richter.

That is still grammatical, because the verb beschließen remains in second position.

Normally, no — not with the intended meaning.

Without über, den Einspruch would become a direct object, and that does not sound right for the meaning to decide on the objection.

German usually expresses this idea with:

• über den Einspruch beschließen or
• über den Einspruch entscheiden

So the preposition über is important here.

From the article den and the noun form.

• der Einspruch = nominative singular
• den Einspruch = accusative singular

The plural would be:

• die Einsprüche = nominative/accusative plural

So:

• über den Einspruch = about/on the objection (singular)
• über die Einsprüche = about/on the objections (plural)

Not exactly in every context. Einspruch often means something like:

• objection
• formal objection
• sometimes appeal, depending on the legal or bureaucratic setting

The exact English translation depends on the legal system and context. So even if the meaning has already been given to you, it is useful to know that Einspruch can have a somewhat technical or formal tone.

The singular version would be:

• Der Richter beschließt über den Einspruch.

Changes:

• die Richter → der Richter
• beschließen → beschließt

Everything else stays the same.

A common past form in spoken German is the Perfekt:

• Die Richter haben über den Einspruch beschlossen.

You may also see the Präteritum, especially in writing:

• Die Richter beschlossen über den Einspruch.

Both mean that the judges decided on the objection, but the perfect is more common in everyday spoken German.