Das Amtsgericht prüft den Einspruch.

Because Amtsgericht is a neuter noun in German.

• der = masculine
• die = feminine
• das = neuter

Here, Amtsgericht is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case: das Amtsgericht.

A useful thing to remember is that the grammatical gender of a noun in German does not always match anything logical in English. You simply learn the noun together with its article: das Amtsgericht.

Because Einspruch is the direct object here, so it takes the accusative case.

Einspruch is a masculine noun:

• nominative: der Einspruch
• accusative: den Einspruch

So:

• der Einspruch = when it is the subject
• den Einspruch = when it is the direct object

This is one of the most important patterns in German: masculine nouns are the ones where the article changes most clearly in the accusative.

In this sentence, the articles help you identify the roles:

• das Amtsgericht = nominative subject
• den Einspruch = accusative object

So the court is doing the action, and the objection is receiving the action.

That is why the sentence means that the local court examines the objection, not the other way around.

In German, case markers often tell you who is doing what more clearly than word order alone.

prüft is the 3rd person singular form of the verb prüfen.

The present-tense conjugation is:

• ich prüfe
• du prüfst
• er/sie/es prüft
• wir prüfen
• ihr prüft
• sie/Sie prüfen

Since das Amtsgericht is grammatically it, German uses the same form as er/sie/es: prüft.

German main clauses usually follow the verb-second rule, often called V2.

That means the finite verb goes in the second position:

• Das Amtsgericht | prüft | den Einspruch

Here, the subject comes first, so the verb comes right after it.

This is normal German word order for a simple statement.

Yes, often you can, because the cases show the grammatical roles.

For example:

• Den Einspruch prüft das Amtsgericht.

This still means the same thing, because:

• den Einspruch is still accusative
• das Amtsgericht is still nominative

However, the emphasis changes. Putting den Einspruch first gives it more focus, something like It is the objection that the local court is examining.

The verb still stays in second position: prüft.

It is a compound noun, which is very common in German.

It is made from:

• Amt = office, authority
• Gericht = court

Together, Amtsgericht is a specific type of court.

A useful rule for compounds: the last part usually determines the grammatical gender.

Since das Gericht is neuter, das Amtsgericht is also neuter.

Because all nouns are capitalized in German.

So in this sentence:

• Amtsgericht is capitalized because it is a noun
• Einspruch is capitalized because it is a noun

This is a standard rule in German writing, unlike English, where common nouns are usually not capitalized.

The difficult part for many English speakers is the ü.

A rough guide:

• prüft sounds approximately like prooft but with rounded lips
• to make ü, try saying ee while rounding your lips as if saying oo

Also note:

• pf is a real consonant combination in German
• in careful pronunciation, both parts are heard: p
  • f

So prüft is roughly prüft, with:

• pr at the start
• ü
• a light f
• final t

No. The article changes depending on the case.

Because Einspruch is masculine singular:

• nominative: der Einspruch
• accusative: den Einspruch
• dative: dem Einspruch
• genitive: des Einspruchs

So in another sentence, you might see a different article.

Example:

• Der Einspruch ist eingegangen.
  Here Einspruch is the subject, so it is der Einspruch.

Yes — that is one of the best habits for learning German.

Instead of learning just:

• Amtsgericht
• Einspruch

learn:

• das Amtsgericht
• der Einspruch

That helps you:

• use the correct articles later
• recognize case changes more easily
• build correct sentences faster

For example, if you already know der Einspruch, it becomes much easier to understand why the sentence has den Einspruch here.