Bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas mamaya.

Give Juan dessert later.

Breakdown of Bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas mamaya.

• Juan: Juan
• mo: you
• panghimagas: dessert
• mamaya: later
• bigyan: to give

Questions & Answers about Bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas mamaya.

What is the function of bigyan in this sentence?

bigyan is the imperative (command) form of the root verb bigay (to give) in the benefactive voice. In this voice the focus is on the recipient (Juan). You’re telling someone, “Give-to-Juan the dessert later.”

Why is mo placed after bigyan?

The word mo marks the actor (you, singular) in Tagalog imperative sentences. The general pattern is:
  Verb + Actor.
Here, bigyan mo literally means “you give (it).”

What is the role of si before Juan?

In Tagalog, si is a personal proper-noun marker. It indicates that Juan is a singular person in the nominative/case-marked slot. Without si, a name would lose its grammatical marker and might sound odd or ambiguous.

Why do we use ng in ng panghimagas?

Ng is a genitive/non-focus marker. It flags the noun panghimagas as the thing being given (the theme), which is not the focused element of the sentence. In this case, si Juan is the focus/recipient, so the dessert is marked with ng.

What does the prefix pang- do in panghimagas?

Pang- is a prefix that denotes purpose or function. Panghimagas literally means “for dessert” or “dessert item.” It turns a root or concept into something used for that function.

Can I swap the order of the object and recipient? For example: Bigyan mo ng panghimagas si Juan mamaya?

Yes. Tagalog word order is quite flexible. You can say:
  Bigyan mo ng panghimagas si Juan mamaya.
or
  Bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas mamaya.
The focus markers si and ng keep the roles clear despite reordering.

How would I say “Give him a dessert later” using a pronoun?

Replace si Juan with the pronoun siya (he/she) and drop si. You get:
  Bigyan mo siya ng panghimagas mamaya.

Is mamaya optional, and can it move?

Mamaya is a temporal adverb meaning later. It’s optional if you don’t need to specify time. You can place it at different spots:
  Mamaya, bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas.
  Bigyan mo si Juan ng panghimagas mamaya.
Both are natural.

Can I drop si and just say Bigyan mo Juan ng panghimagas mamaya?

In very casual speech you might hear names without si, but the standard, grammatically correct form always uses si before a personal proper noun in the subject/focused slot.