La laboristino frapas najlon per martelo.

Laboristino is made of three parts:

• labor- = work, labor
• -ist- = a person whose occupation or role is connected with something
• -in- = female
• -o = noun ending

So laboristo means worker, and laboristino means female worker or woman worker.

La is the Esperanto definite article, meaning the.

So la laboristino = the female worker.

Esperanto has only one definite article: la. It does not change for gender, number, or case.

In Esperanto, verb endings show tense:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / jussive
• -i = infinitive

So frapas means hits, strikes, or is hitting depending on context.

Unlike English, the verb does not change depending on the subject:

• mi frapas
• vi frapas
• ŝi frapas
• ili frapas

All use frapas.

The -n ending marks the direct object in Esperanto.

Here, the worker is doing the action of hitting, and the thing being hit is the nail, so najlo becomes najlon.

Compare:

• La laboristino frapas. = The worker hits.
• La laboristino frapas najlon. = The worker hits a nail.

That -n tells you what receives the action.

Because martelo is not the direct object. It is part of the phrase per martelo, which means with a hammer or by means of a hammer.

So:

• najlon = the thing being struck
• per martelo = the instrument used to do it

Only the direct object gets -n here.

Per usually means by means of, with, or using.

In this sentence, per martelo tells you the tool or instrument used for the action:

• frapas najlon per martelo = hits a nail with a hammer

This is a very common use of per in Esperanto.

Because Esperanto uses la only when something is definite: the hammer.

Without la, martelo can mean a hammer or just hammer in a general sense, depending on context.

So:

• per martelo = with a hammer
• per la martelo = with the hammer

If the context has not already identified a specific hammer, leaving out la is natural.

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because endings show the grammar.

The basic order here is:

• La laboristino = subject
• frapas = verb
• najlon = direct object
• per martelo = prepositional phrase

But other orders are possible, for example:

• La laboristino per martelo frapas najlon.
• Najlon la laboristino frapas per martelo.

These still mean roughly the same thing because najlon has -n, which marks it as the object.

That said, the original order is the most neutral and easiest for learners.

No. If you do not want to specify sex, you would usually use laboristo.

Traditionally in Esperanto:

• laboristo = worker
• laboristino = female worker

In many contexts, laboristo can be understood as neutral or unspecified. Laboristino is used when the speaker specifically wants to say the worker is female.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• La = lah
• laboristino = lah-boh-ris-TEE-no
• frapas = FRAH-pahs
• najlon = NIGH-lon
• per = pehr
• martelo = mar-TEH-lo

A few useful pronunciation points:

• Stress is always on the second-to-last syllable:
  • laboristino
  • frapas
  • najlon
  • martelo
• j sounds like English y
• r is usually trilled or tapped
• vowels are pure and steady, not diphthongs like in English

So najlon sounds like NIGH-lon, because aj sounds like the eye in English eye.

Usually per martelo is better here.

• per emphasizes the means or instrument
• kun means with in the sense of accompanied by or together with

So:

• frapi najlon per martelo = hit a nail using a hammer
• kun martelo could sound more like while having a hammer or together with a hammer, which is less precise

For tools, per is normally the right choice.

Yes, frapi is a normal and understandable verb here. It means to strike, to hit, to smack.

In context, frapas najlon per martelo clearly means striking a nail with a hammer.

Depending on style, someone might choose a more specific expression in another context, but frapi is simple, natural, and perfectly good for a learner sentence.