Scienco gravas.

In Esperanto, nouns normally end in -o. So scienco is a noun meaning science.

This is one of the most basic patterns in Esperanto:

• -o = noun
• -a = adjective
• -e = adverb
• -i = infinitive verb
• -as = present tense verb

So when you see scienco, you can immediately recognize it as a noun.

Gravas is a verb in the present tense.

It comes from the infinitive gravi, which means to be important, to matter, or to carry importance.

The ending -as tells you it is present tense:

• gravi = to matter / to be important
• gravas = matters / is important

So Scienco gravas literally means something like Science matters.

Because gravas is already a full verb by itself.

In English, we often use to be plus an adjective, as in Science is important. In Esperanto, that idea can sometimes be expressed with a single verb instead. So:

• Scienco gravas = Science matters / Science is important

There is no missing estas here. The verb gravas already carries the meaning.

Yes. Scienco estas grava is also correct.

The difference is mainly one of style and nuance:

• Scienco gravas = Science matters / Science is important
• Scienco estas grava = Science is important

Both are natural.
Using gravas can feel a little more like matters in English, while estas grava is a more direct is important structure.

Because Esperanto does not require an article in as many places as English does.

Here scienco is being used in a general sense, meaning science as a field or concept. In English, we also usually say Science is important, not The science is important, unless we mean some specific science already mentioned.

So:

• Scienco gravas = science in general matters
• La scienco gravas would mean the science matters, referring to a specific science or a specific instance already known from context

Because there is no direct object in this sentence.

The -n ending in Esperanto usually marks:

• a direct object
• or sometimes direction

In Scienco gravas:

• Scienco is the subject
• gravas is the verb

Nothing is receiving the action, so no accusative -n is needed.

A simple guide is:

• Scienco ≈ stsi-en-tso
• gravas ≈ GRAH-vas

A few useful pronunciation points:

• c in Esperanto sounds like ts
• sc together here is pronounced like sts
• stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable

So the stress is:

• sciENco
• GRAvas

Not as strictly as in English.

Scienco gravas is the normal, straightforward order: subject + verb.

Because Esperanto marks grammar clearly with endings, word order is often more flexible than in English. You could sometimes move words around for emphasis, but the basic order is still the most natural for learners.

So the best version to learn first is:

• Scienco gravas

The dictionary form is gravi.

In Esperanto, verbs are usually listed in the infinitive, which ends in -i. So:

• gravi = to matter / to be important
• gravas = matters / is important
• gravis = mattered / was important
• gravos = will matter / will be important

This makes verb forms very regular.

Yes. They come from the same root: grav-.

From that root, you can build different kinds of words:

• grava = important, serious
• gravi = to be important, to matter
• grave = importantly, seriously
• graveco = importance, seriousness

This is a very common Esperanto pattern: one root can produce several related words with different endings.

It can mean both, depending on context.

A natural English translation could be:

• Science matters
• Science is important

The Esperanto sentence is short and flexible, and both translations express the same main idea. If you want the most literal feeling, Science matters is often closest to Scienco gravas.