Dua raŭndo donis tiel multajn poentojn kiel la unua.

Dua means second, but la marks definiteness, not ordinal number.

So:

• dua raŭndo = a second round or round two
• la dua raŭndo = the second round

In context, Esperanto sometimes leaves out la where English would strongly prefer the. The sentence as given treats dua raŭndo almost like a label. Still, La dua raŭndo donis... would also be very natural in many situations.

This is the Esperanto pattern for an equal comparison: as ... as.

So:

• tiel ... kiel = as ... as

Examples:

• Ŝi estas tiel rapida kiel li. = She is as fast as he is.
• Dua raŭndo donis tiel multajn poentojn kiel la unua. = The second round gave as many points as the first.

Here tiel goes with multajn, so the whole phrase means as many.

Because kiel is used for equality, while ol is used for inequality.

• tiel ... kiel = as ... as
• pli ... ol = more ... than
• malpli ... ol = less ... than

So:

• tiel multajn poentojn kiel la unua = as many points as the first
• pli multajn poentojn ol la unua = more points than the first

A native English speaker often mixes these up at first, because both kiel and ol can feel like comparison words.

Good question. In this sentence, multajn is an adjective, and tiel ... kiel works naturally with adjectives.

So:

• tiel multajn poentojn kiel... = as many points as...

A very common alternative is:

• tiom da poentoj kiom la unua

That also means as many points as the first.

A useful rough guide is:

• tiel often goes with adjectives/adverbs: tiel granda, tiel rapide, tiel multaj
• tiom often goes with quantity itself: tiom da akvo, tiom da poentoj

So the sentence is fine as written, but there is another natural way to say it.

Because they form the direct object of donis.

• donis = gave
• What did it give? multajn poentojn = many points

In Esperanto, a direct object usually gets -n.

Also, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in both number and case:

• poentoj = points
• poentojn = points as a direct object
• multaj poentoj = many points
• multajn poentojn = many points as a direct object

So both words take the endings they need:

• multajn = plural + accusative
• poentojn = plural + accusative

Donis is the past tense of doni, meaning to give.

• doni = to give
• donas = gives / is giving
• donis = gave
• donos = will give

In this sentence, donis can be understood as gave, awarded, or yielded, depending on context. English might say gave points, was worth points, or produced points. Esperanto uses doni very naturally here.

Because Esperanto can use an adjective by itself when the noun is understood from context.

So:

• la unua = the first one
• here, more specifically: the first round

The full form would be:

• ... kiel la unua raŭndo

But once raŭndo has already been mentioned, Esperanto can leave it out, just as English can say the first one instead of repeating the noun.

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, but the given order is the most straightforward.

This sentence uses a very normal pattern:

• subject: Dua raŭndo
• verb: donis
• object: tiel multajn poentojn kiel la unua

Because Esperanto marks the object with -n, you can sometimes move things around for emphasis. But for learners, the given order is the safest and most natural choice.

Raŭndo is a loanword, related to English round.

The important part is aŭ, which is a diphthong pronounced roughly like the ow in cow.

So raŭndo sounds approximately like ROWN-do, with the stress on the first syllable:

• RAŬN-do

In Esperanto, stress normally falls on the second-to-last syllable, and here that is raŭn.

Yes. Poento is the normal Esperanto word for a point in scoring, grading, games, and similar contexts.

So:

• unu poento = one point
• du poentoj = two points
• multaj poentoj = many points

In this sentence, poentojn is just the accusative plural form because it is the object of donis.