Als ik te weinig slaap heb, voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest en ga ik soms pas na middernacht naar bed.

In Dutch, als introduces a subordinate clause (a dependent clause).

In subordinate clauses, the finite verb goes to the end of the clause. So:

• Ik heb te weinig slaap. → main clause (verb in 2nd position)
• Als ik te weinig slaap heb → subordinate clause (verb at the end)

The pattern is:

• Als + subject + rest + verb, e.g.
  
  • Als ik tijd heb, kom ik langs.
  • Als hij ziek is, blijft hij thuis.

After that, the next part (voel ik me...) is a main clause again, so it follows the normal Dutch rule: verb in second position.

Both are possible, but they mean slightly different things and sound a bit different stylistically.

• te weinig slaap heb

  • slaap is a noun here (like “sleep” as a thing).
  • Literally: “If I have too little sleep…”
  • This sounds natural and quite common in Dutch.

• te weinig geslapen heb

  • geslapen is the past participle of slapen (to sleep).
  • Literally: “If I have slept too little…”
  • Also correct and common.

Your sentence could also be:

• Als ik te weinig geslapen heb, voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest…

So your version is fine; it just uses sleep as a noun instead of a verb phrase. Both are idiomatic.

No, not in this meaning.

• Ik slaap te weinig = I sleep too little (verb)
• Ik heb te weinig slaap = I have too little sleep (noun)

In your sentence you chose the noun slaap, so you must use hebben:

• Als ik te weinig slaap heb…

If you want to use the verb instead, you have to change the structure:

• Als ik te weinig slaap, voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest…

Both are correct, but you may not simply drop heb in the original version.

In Dutch, zich voelen is a reflexive verb when it means “to feel (a certain way emotionally/physically)”.

• Ik voel me gestrest. = I feel stressed.
• Ik voel me ziek. = I feel sick.
• Ik voel me blij. = I feel happy.

Without me, voelen usually means “to feel (something with your senses)”:

• Ik voel de wind. = I feel the wind.
• Ik voel pijn in mijn rug. = I feel pain in my back.

So to say “I feel stressed”, you need the reflexive pronoun:

• Ik voel me gestrest.

Dutch has stressed and unstressed forms of pronouns:

• ik / mij → subject / stressed object
• me → unstressed object (clitic form)

In everyday speech and normal writing, the unstressed form is used in reflexive constructions:

• Ik voel me gestrest.
• Ik herinner me dat niet.
• Ik schaam me.

You could technically say Ik voel mij gestrest, but it sounds more formal, old-fashioned, or emphatic. Ik voel me gestrest is the natural choice here.

You can say Wanneer ik te weinig slaap heb, but there is a nuance:

• als

  • Very common in spoken Dutch.
  • Used for both real conditions and repeated situations.
  • Fits perfectly here: a repeated, typical situation.

• wanneer

  • More about time (“when”), sometimes more formal or written.
  • Also used for repeated situations, but feels a bit more neutral or “time-like”.

In your sentence, als is more natural:

• Als ik te weinig slaap heb, voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest…

Using wanneer is not wrong; it just sounds slightly more formal or “bookish” in many contexts.

Because you have:

1. First: a subordinate clause introduced by als
2. Then: a main clause

In Dutch, when a subordinate clause comes before the main clause, you normally put a comma between them:

• Als ik tijd heb, kom ik langs.
• Omdat het regent, blijven we thuis.
• Als ik te weinig slaap heb, voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest…

If you reverse the order (main clause first), you usually don’t need a comma:

• Ik kom langs als ik tijd heb.
• Ik voel me de volgende dag gestrest als ik te weinig slaap heb.

Dutch has two common adjectives related to stress:

1. gestrest

   • Most common modern spelling.
   • Everyday, informal: Ik ben gestrest.

2. gestresseerd

   • A bit longer and often slightly more formal.
   • Also correct: Ik ben gestresseerd.

Gestresst is not standard. The recommended form in modern Dutch is gestrest.

So your sentence uses the normal, up‑to‑date spelling.

Actually, both are possible, but the context explains the order.

In your sentence, the order is:

• … voel ik me de volgende dag gestrest en ga ik soms pas na middernacht naar bed.

In Dutch, in a main clause, the finite verb is in second position (the V2 rule). After en (and), the new clause is:

• ga ik soms pas na middernacht naar bed

Here ga is in first position and ik in second — that still satisfies V2: the finite verb comes before the subject in coordinated structures like this.

If you started a sentence from scratch, you’d usually say:

• Ik ga soms pas na middernacht naar bed.

But attached to the previous part with en, it’s very natural to keep the verb first:

• … voel ik me … en ga ik …

pas means something like “only (later than expected)” or “not until”.

• Ik ga soms na middernacht naar bed.
  → Sometimes I go to bed after midnight. (neutral)

• Ik ga soms pas na middernacht naar bed.
  → Sometimes I don’t go to bed until after midnight. (later than normal, too late)

So pas suggests that after midnight is later than desirable/normal, which fits the idea of being stressed and going to bed too late.

In Dutch, middernacht is often treated like a specific point in time, similar to noon in English.

• middernacht → midnight (as a specific time)
• You say: om middernacht, na middernacht, tot middernacht
• No article is needed.

Using de middernacht would sound strange in this context. You only use de middernacht in more poetic or very specific contexts, e.g. de middernacht van oudejaarsavond (the midnight of New Year’s Eve), but even there many speakers would still leave out the article.

naar bed gaan is a fixed expression in Dutch meaning “to go to bed (to sleep)”.

• Ik ga naar bed. = I’m going to bed.
• Ga je al naar bed? = Are you going to bed already?

Here bed is not a specific physical object, but part of the idiom “go to bed (to sleep)”. That’s why there is no article.

If you talk about the physical piece of furniture, you use het bed:

• Het boek ligt op het bed. = The book is lying on the bed.
• We hebben een nieuw bed gekocht. = We bought a new bed.

In your sentence, the meaning is clearly “go to sleep”, so naar bed is correct and idiomatic.

Yes, you can say both, and both are correct. The nuance is small:

• te weinig slaap

  • Literally: too little sleep
  • Suggests: less than what is healthy/necessary; there is a sense of “too (little)”, i.e. it’s a problem.

• niet genoeg slaap

  • Literally: not enough sleep
  • Very similar meaning, maybe slightly more neutral; it focuses on failing to reach a needed amount.

In your context (stress, going to bed late), te weinig slaap is very natural, because it clearly implies it’s not just insufficient, it’s too little and has negative effects.