Het eigen risico hoort bij de dekking.

Because risico is a het-word in Dutch: het risico.

So when you put eigen in front of it, you get:

het eigen risico

A native English speaker often expects article choice to be logical, but in Dutch this is mostly something you learn noun by noun.

In modern Dutch, eigen normally stays eigen before a noun.

So you say:

het eigen risico
mijn eigen auto
haar eigen kamer

Not het eigene risico.

For learners, it is best to treat eigen as a special adjective that usually does not add an extra ending before a noun.

Literally, eigen means own.

But in the fixed insurance term eigen risico, it refers to the part of the cost that you must pay yourself before the insurer pays. So even if you already know the full meaning, it helps to remember that the word eigen still carries the idea of your own / paid by yourself.

No. Although horen often means to hear, it also has another common meaning: to belong, to go with, or to be part of.

So in this sentence:

hoort bij

means something like:

• belongs with
• goes with
• is part of

This is a very common Dutch expression.

Because this is a separable verb expression: horen bij / bijhoren.

In a main clause, the finite verb goes to the second position, and the particle stays later in the sentence:

Het eigen risico hoort bij de dekking.

But in a subordinate clause, the two parts come back together at the end:

... omdat het eigen risico bij de dekking hoort.

That separation is very normal in Dutch and happens with many verbs.

Because dekking is a de-word: de dekking.

A useful pattern is that many Dutch nouns ending in -ing are de-words:

• de verzekering
• de betaling
• de dekking

That pattern is not perfect in every case, but it is very helpful.

It is written as two words:

eigen risico

That is because eigen is an adjective and risico is the noun.

Even though it is a fixed insurance term, Dutch still writes it as a normal adjective + noun combination.

Compare:

• het eigen risico
• een hoog risico
• een groot probleem

Because is bij sounds unnatural here.

Dutch usually uses hoort bij to express this kind of relationship:

• something belongs with something else
• something comes as part of something else
• something is included as part of a larger whole

So:

Het eigen risico hoort bij de dekking

sounds idiomatic, while is bij would usually not.

The sentence follows normal Dutch main-clause word order:

Het eigen risico — subject
hoort — finite verb
bij de dekking — rest of the sentence

So it is basically:

Subject + verb + rest

That part is straightforward. The only thing that may feel unusual to an English speaker is that bij belongs with hoort, even though it appears later.

In a yes/no question, Dutch usually puts the finite verb first:

Hoort het eigen risico bij de dekking?

So the statement:

Het eigen risico hoort bij de dekking.

becomes:

Hoort het eigen risico bij de dekking?

This is a very common Dutch pattern: Verb + subject + rest?

In a subordinate clause, the finite verb moves to the end, and the particle stays with it:

Ik weet dat het eigen risico bij de dekking hoort.

This is useful to compare with the main clause:

• Main clause: Het eigen risico hoort bij de dekking.
• Subordinate clause: ... dat het eigen risico bij de dekking hoort.

This contrast is one of the most important Dutch word-order patterns to learn.