Mit navn står nederst på papiret.

Because navn is a neuter noun in Danish.

Danish possessive words like my change depending on the gender and number of the noun:

• min for common gender singular nouns
• mit for neuter singular nouns
• mine for plural nouns

So:

• min bil = my car
• mit navn = my name
• mine bøger = my books

Since navn is neuter, mit is the correct form.

In Danish, possessives usually replace the article, just like in English.

So:

• mit navn = my name
  not mit et navn or anything similar

You use either a possessive or an article, not both in this kind of phrase.

Yes, står literally means stands, but in Danish it is often used more broadly than in English.

In this sentence, står means something like:

• is written
• appears
• is shown

So Mit navn står nederst på papiret means that your name is written or appears at the bottom of the paper.

This is very natural in Danish. Danish often uses stå for text that is written somewhere:

• Der står dit navn her. = Your name is written here.
• Hvad står der på skiltet? = What does the sign say?

Nederst means lowest, at the bottom, or bottommost.

It is the usual word when talking about position on a page, list, or object. In this sentence, it means at the bottom.

Examples:

• øverst = at the top
• nederst = at the bottom

So:

• Mit navn står nederst på papiret = My name is at the bottom of the paper.

Neder by itself is much less common in this kind of sentence and would not sound right here.

Because text is written on the surface of paper, not in it.

So Danish uses på here, just like English uses on:

• på papiret = on the paper

You would use i when something is inside something:

• i kassen = in the box
• i brevet = in the letter

But for writing on a page or sheet, på is the natural choice.

Papiret is the definite form, meaning the paper.

Danish often adds the definite ending directly to the noun:

• et papir = a paper
• papiret = the paper

So:

• på papiret = on the paper

If you said på papir, that would usually mean something more general like on paper in an abstract sense, not on one specific sheet.

Usually yes, but context matters.

In this sentence, papiret most likely means:

• a sheet of paper
• a document
• the paper you are looking at

So Mit navn står nederst på papiret could refer to a physical sheet or a document.

Danish papir can also be used in broader ways, just like English paper.

This is normal Danish word order for a simple main clause:

• Mit navn = subject
• står = verb
• nederst på papiret = adverbial/place information

So the structure is basically:

Subject + verb + rest

That is very similar to English:

My name + is/appears + at the bottom of the paper

Nothing unusual is happening with the word order here.

Yes, you might hear that, and it would be understandable.

But står is often more natural when talking about written text that appears somewhere on a page.

Compare:

• Mit navn står nederst på papiret. = My name is written at the bottom of the paper.
• Mit navn er nederst på papiret. = My name is at the bottom of the paper.

Both can work, but står is especially idiomatic for written words.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

Mit navn står nederst på papiret
≈ mid nown store NAY-derst paw pah-PEE-er-ed

A few notes:

• mit often sounds close to mid in connected speech
• navn has a vowel sound that does not match English exactly
• står has a long vowel
• papiret is often pronounced roughly like pah-PEE-er-ed

Pronunciation varies a bit by speaker and region, but this gives a useful approximation.

Yes, very often. This is an extremely common Danish pattern.

Examples:

• Der står mit navn på listen. = My name is on the list.
• Hvad står der i bogen? = What does it say in the book?
• Det står på side 10. = It says so on page 10.
• Mit telefonnummer står øverst. = My phone number is at the top.

So this sentence is a great example of a very useful everyday structure in Danish.